Phenyl n tert butylnitrone

9H-Carbazole-9-ethanol (CARET) and phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN) (Scheme 2) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Bis-(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluorophosphate (Iod or Speedcure 938) and bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phenylphosphine oxide (BAPO or speedcure BPO) were obtained from Lambson (Lambson Ltd., Wetherby, UK). Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4-epoxycyclo-hexylcarboxylate (EPOX; Uvacure 1500) were obtained from Allnex (Frankfurt, Germany) and used as benchmark monomers for radical and cationic photopolymerization. Bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich and used with the highest purity available. The full procedures for the synthesis of Cd1–Cd7, are presented in the Supporting Information.

Endomorphin-2, Endomorphin-1, β-funaltrexamine (β-FNA, antagonist for mu-opioid receptor), phenyl N-tert-butylnitrone (PBN, scavenger for reactive oxygen species) and diprotin A (inhibitor of dipeptidylpeptidase IV) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

BSc2118, a proteasome inhibitor, was a gift from Dr. Kuckelkorn (Charité Universitätsmedizin). LDL and recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) and Peprotech (Rocky Jill, NJ), respectively. The free radical scavenger phenyl-N-tert-butyLnitrone (PBN), the NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamic acid (PDTC), the IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitor Bay 11-7082, the prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), and the proteasome inhibitor MG132, were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The antibodies used in this study include rabbit anti-human laminin A polyclonal antibody (Sigma-Aldrich); mouse anti-Human HIF-1α monoclonal antibody (BD Transduction Laboratories, San Jose, CA); human/rat HIF-2α antibody (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN); rabbit anti-human HIF-1β/ARNT polyclonal antibody, rabbit anti-human NF-κB p65 monoclonal antibody, rabbit anti-human β-actin monoclonal antibody (Cell Signaling Technology, Danver, MA); and anti-HIF-1α (hydroxylated Pro402 and Pro564) antibody (EMD Millipore, Billerca, MA). The NE-PER Nuclear Protein Extraction Reagent Kit was purchased from Pierce (Life Technologies, Frederick, MD).