Reinforced clostridium medium rcm

Strains used in this study are shown in Table 1, and were obtained from BEI Resources, the ATCC, or the UC Davis Culture Collection. For routine experiments, microorganisms were cultured in their respective culture media described in Table 1. Luria-Bertani medium (LB; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was used directly, while reinforced clostridium medium (RCM; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l-cysteine (Loba Chemie, India). de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium (MRS; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l-cysteine, except for L. plantarum. Brain heart infusion (BHI; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l-cysteine and 0.01 g/liter of hemin. All incubations were performed at 37°C for 24 to 48 h in an anaerobic jar (Anaerocult; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with anaerobic packs (GasPak EM; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ).