Sigmastat for windows 3

For comparison of more than two groups, one-way Anova and multiple comparisons post-test according to the Holm-Sidak method was performed by using the software SigmaStat for Windows 3.5 (Systat Software, Inc., Erkrath, Germany). For the comparison of two groups, data were either analysed using paired t-test or Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test according to the distribution of the data. These statistical analyses were performed with the software GraphPad Prism version 5.0a. Asterisks in the figures indicate the p values: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 and ***p < 0.0005.

All data, unless otherwise stated, are presented as mean and standard deviation. Statistical analyses were performed using dedicated, commercially available software (SigmaStat for Windows 3.5, Systat Software, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Differences in pharmacokinetic parameters between CBD formulations for CBD, and the CBD metabolites were explored using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Tukey’s tests were used to further examine the identified main effects. The thermic effect of food was examined using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures comparing energy expenditure across time for the two conditions (i.e., CBD and placebo); respiratory exchange ratio and circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, and triglycerides were compared in the same way. The thermic effect of food was also examined by comparing the area under the curve (trapezoidal method) as previously described [29 (link),30 (link),36 (link)]. Circulating markers of liver and kidney function were compared across time and between CBD formulations using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures and post-hoc Tukey's tests when appropriate. Relations between circulating CBD concentrations and markers of liver and kidney function were explored using Pearson correlations. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

The values of the molecular weights (MW) and n-octanol/water coefficients (log P_calc; Table 2) were calculated using ChemBioOffice Ultra 11.0 software (CambridgeSoft, Cambridge, MA, USA). The log P_calc is expressed as an average of the results of Crippen's [51] (link), Viswanadhan's [52] , and Broto's [53] method. SigmaStat for Windows 3.5 (Systat Software, San Jose, CA, USA) statistical software was used for data analyses. The data are expressed as the mean ±S.D. of at least 3 experiments. Statistical significance was determined using a one-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post-hoc test (comparisons of multiple groups against the relevant control). The results were considered to be statistically significant when p<0.05. The EC₅₀ (half-maximal effective concentration) and IC₅₀ (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values were calculated using CalcuSyn 2.0 software (Biosoft, Cambridge, UK). Raw data underlying the findings in this study are in Data S1.

All data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using Sigma plot 8.0 for Windows and SigmaStat for Windows 3.0 (Systat Software, Inc., Chicago, US). N numbers refer to the number of examined animals, and all treatment regimes included in the analyses were performed at least 3 times (i.e. on at least 3 separate egg clutches).