Xpr6ud5

To calculate the density of
the P4VP-IX with a maximum degree of halogenation, the thickness and
weight of samples before and after halogenation treatment were measured
by ellipsometry and microbalance (Mettler Toledo XPR6UD5, 0.5 μg
accuracy), respectively. The accuracy of the balance is sufficient
for the thin-film samples with masses on the order of 1 mg.
The weight of the polymer thin-film coating prior to halogenation
is calculated by subtracting the weight of the uncoated substrate
(clean silicon wafer) from the coated substrate. After halogenation,
residual uncomplexed halogens were extracted by rinsing with pure
hexanes or blowing a stream of Ar over the surface. The samples were
also placed in a desiccator for 24 h to remove any physically absorbed
halogen species. The samples were then reweighed. The volume of the
films was calculated using the substrate area and measured film thickness
(see below for details on ellipsometry measurements).

Exposure concentrations were measured in real-time from a sampling tube positioned centrally in the exposure chamber with a DustTrak II (TSI, Inc; Shoreview, Minnesota) and also gravimetrically using 47 mm quartz filter collected for the duration of each daily exposure and weighed on a microbalance (XPR6UD5, Mettler Toledo) in a temperature-controlled laboratory. Particle size distribution was quantified for the overall system prior to mouse exposures (Laser Aerosol Spectrometer 3340A, TSI), again sampling directly from the center of the exposure chamber. Size distribution was measured over a single 2-hour run (0.138–0.145 μg; Fig. 1B).

A microcentrifuge (smart R17 plus; Hanil Scientific Inc., Gimpo, Korea) was used to separate the AuNP conjugate, and a multi-purpose centrifuge (1580R; LABOGENE Co., Ltd., Lillerød, Denmark) was used to collect saliva samples. A drying oven (KO-100; LK Lab Co., Namyangju, Korea) was used to dry the membranes and all pads following antibody and sample loading. A dispenser (DCI100; Zeta Co., Gunpo, Korea) was used to immobilize samples on a membrane, and a cutting device (TBC-50Ts; Taewoo Co., Namyangju, Korea) was used to cut the membranes. A field emission scanning electron microscope (Hitachi S-4700, Tokyo, Japan) and a light microscope (Olympus BX43, Tokyo, Japan) were used to characterize the structure of PVA tape. An XPR ultra-microbalance (XPR6UD5; Mettler Toledo, Masstron, OH, USA) was used to weigh tapes. All signals from the strips were measured and analyzed with a ChemiDoc XPS + imaging system and Image lab software (6.1; Bio-Rad Laboratories), respectively. The ELISA results were evaluated using a cell imaging multi-mode reader (Cytation 5).