Rosiglitazone

MSCs were plated in 96-well plates at a density of 15,000/cm² for 24 h then media were replaced with either osteoblastogenic culture medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS), 10 mM β-glycerol phosphate, 100 nM dexamethasone and 50 µg/ml ascorbic acid 2-phosphate, or adipogenic culture medium consisting of DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 1 μM dexamethasone, 10 μg/ml insulin, 0.5 mM IBMX, 60 μM indomethacin, 2 μM rosiglitazone and 20 nM IGF-1 (R&D Systems) (all Sigma unless specified). Media were replaced every 3 or 4 days. Seven days of differentiation was sufficient to assess gene expression changes in markers of differentiation. Cells were cultured for 21 days in osteoblastogenic medium to achieve fully mineralised cultures, and for 14 days in adipogenic medium for lipid production.

Normal and AML patient BMMCs were purchased from Folio Conversant and ProteoGenex. Recombinant human fibronectin was purchased from Millipore. Rat tail collagen type 1 and matrigel were purchased from Corning Inc. CellTiter‐Glo^® 3D cell viability assay reagent was purchased from Promega. Human thrombopoietin, human interleukin‐3 (IL3), human stem cell factor, human granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) and human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) were purchased from Life Technologies. Rosiglitazone, human erythropoietin (EPO), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), interleukin‐7 (IL‐7) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL) were purchased from R&D systems. Human FLT3 ligand was purchased from TONBO Biosciences. Qubit™ dsDNA HS Assay Kit and MirVana miRNA isolation kit were purchased from Thermo Fisher. Organoid harvest media was purchased from Trevigen. RNeasy Plus Micro Kit, QIAshredder mini spin column and AllPrep DNA/RNA Mini were purchased from Qiagen. Agilent RNA 6000 Pico Kit was ordered from Agilent Technologies. FITC‐anti‐human MPO flow kit was purchased from BioLegend. FITC‐labelled anti‐human CD71, FITC‐labelled anti‐terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT), and anti‐human CD110 were purchased from BD Biosciences. TRAP staining kit was purchased from B‐Bridge International, Inc.