A total of 75 extracted human single rooted mandibular premolars with single canal and less than 10° curvature with approximately same dimension were selected and stored in 1% chloramine-T (Himedia Labs, Mumbai, India) solution for 12 h followed by storage in distilled water until use. All the teeth were examined under a stereomicroscope (Carl Zeiss Stemi 2000 Arlesan Technology Group, Carl Zeiss, Italy) at 10X magnification to ensure the absence of preexisting fractures. In order to standardize the root measurements, the mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the coronal plane were measured with a digital caliper (SPAC systems, Pune, Maharashtra, India). Roots presenting with 10% difference from the average mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters of the coronal plane were excluded. Specimens were decoronated with diamond disc (DLC Australia Pty Ltd., Caboolture Qld, Australia) and water as a coolant to a standardized length of 14 mm.
Chloramine t
Manufactured by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Chloramine-T is a laboratory chemical compound that serves as an oxidizing agent. It is commonly used in various analytical and experimental procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
4 protocols using chloramine t
1
Standardizing Single-Rooted Mandibular Premolars
2
Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Assays
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Petroleum ether (60–80 °C), ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid, sodium tartrate, copper sulfate, sodium carbonate, hydrochloric acid, chloroform, and perchloric acid were purchased from Ranbaxy Fine Chemicals Ltd., Thane, India. All these chemicals were of analytical grade. Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, Ehlrich reagent, 5,5′-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd., USA. Hydroxyproline, carrageenan, chloramine-T, and trichloracetic acid (TCA) were purchased from Hi Media Laboratories Pvt., Ltd., Mumbai, India.
3
Dental Molar Extraction Protocol
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The sample size was estimated at 5% level of significance and standard deviation of 4.97. The standard deviation data (0.92–4.97) was obtained from study by Cengiz and Ünal 2019[8 (link)] that evaluated the microtensile bond strength of two self-adhesive flowable composites. The maximum SD value was used for estimation.
Noncarious, freshly extracted 24 human permanent molar teeth of similar dimensions with no cracks, decay, fracture, abrasion, previous restorations, or structural deformities (extracted for periodontal reasons) were selected. Soft tissue deposits and calculus were removed with an ultrasonic scaler (Woodpecker DTE D5, China). Teeth were checked for fracture lines under dental surgical microscope (Gippon Inc. Japan) and were selected for study. Teeth were then stored in 1% Chloramine T (HiMedia Labs., India) solution at 40°C until use. The storage period for the selected teeth was not more than 3 months.
Noncarious, freshly extracted 24 human permanent molar teeth of similar dimensions with no cracks, decay, fracture, abrasion, previous restorations, or structural deformities (extracted for periodontal reasons) were selected. Soft tissue deposits and calculus were removed with an ultrasonic scaler (Woodpecker DTE D5, China). Teeth were checked for fracture lines under dental surgical microscope (Gippon Inc. Japan) and were selected for study. Teeth were then stored in 1% Chloramine T (HiMedia Labs., India) solution at 40°C until use. The storage period for the selected teeth was not more than 3 months.
4
Bracket Preparation and Tooth Mounting
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Eighty stainless steel (Ormco Mini 2000 series, Ormco Corporation, Glendora, CA) and eighty ceramic (Ormco Inspire Ice series, Ormco Corporation, Glendora, CA) preadjusted edgewise upper bicuspid brackets with 0.022inch slot were used for the study. The brackets were kept in the manufacturer's packaging until immediately before bonding and were handled at all times with bonding tweezers to avoid contamination.
The teeth used for the study were cleaned and then decontaminated with a 0.5% chloramine-T (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai) for 1 week at room temperature. The teeth were cleaned and stored in distilled water, which was changed twice weekly to prevent bacterial contamination. Each tooth was mounted in self-curing acrylic till cementoenamel junction with long axis vertical [Figure 1].
The teeth used for the study were cleaned and then decontaminated with a 0.5% chloramine-T (HiMedia Laboratories, Mumbai) for 1 week at room temperature. The teeth were cleaned and stored in distilled water, which was changed twice weekly to prevent bacterial contamination. Each tooth was mounted in self-curing acrylic till cementoenamel junction with long axis vertical [Figure 1].
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