N hexane c6h14

We used deionized purified
Milli-Q water from Millipore with a
resistivity of 18.2 MΩ and a conductivity of 0.055 S/cm. n-Hexane (C₆H₁₄, 95% pure) was purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich-Fluka (Milan, Italy), and perfluorooctane (C₈F₁₈, 98% pure) was purchased from Fluorochem Ltd.
(Glossop, UK). No further treatments were carried out to improve the
purity of these materials. KF, KCl, KBr, KI, KSCN, KClO₃, and CH₃COOK were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich-Fluka and were desiccated
overnight in the oven at 353 K. All liquids were degassed in high
vacuum test tubes of different capacities purchased by Disa s.a.s.
(Sesto San Giovanni, Italy).

The following chemicals were used: chitosan (92.16% deacetylation degree) was produced from shrimp waste via alkaline hydrolysis, and with different molecular weights: high (501.59 kDa), medium (322.17 kDa) and low (130.39 kDa), as reported in a previous study [32 (link)]. Silver nitrate (AgNO₃, >99.9%) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP, >86%) were purchased from Fermont (Monterrey, Mexico). Polysulfone Udel P-3500 MB7 (in pellet form, Solvay Advanced Polymers), 1-methyl-2 pyrrolidinone (NMP, >99.5%, Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and N, Ndimethylformamide (DMF, >99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were used to make polysulfone (PS) sheets used as membrane support by the phase inversion method. Trimesoyl chloride (TMC, C₉H₃Cl₃O₃), m-phenylenediamine (MPD, C₆H₈N₂), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >97%) and n-hexane (C₆H₁₄, >95%) from Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany, were used for the interfacial polymerization of polyamide (PA) on PS support.

All the chemical reagents used for the synthesis of GO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. For the synthesis of GO, the mineral graphite was the raw material, while sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄, >95%), nitric acid (HNO₃, 68–70%), and potassium permanganate (KMnO₄, >97%) were the oxidant reagents, and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 30% v/v) was used to stop the oxidative process. For the synthesis of TFC membranes, polysulfone (PS, Udel P-3500 MB7 (in pellet form, molecular weight 83,000 g/mol; Solvay Advanced Polymers, Brussels, Belgium)), while 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, >99.5%) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, C₃H₇NO, >99%) from Sigma-Aldrich, (Darmstadt, Germany) were used for the PS support formation by the phase inversion method. Trimesoyl chloride (TMC, C₉H₃Cl₃O₃), m-ohenylenediamine (MPD, C₆H₈N₂), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, >97%), and n-hexane (C₆H₁₄, >95%) from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany), were used for the interfacial polymerization of PA on PS support.