We measured height and weight in light clothing. Waist circumference was measured midway between the lower rib margin and the iliac crest. We determined OGTT plasma glucose (fluoride citrate plasma) concentrations by hexokinase assay (Abbott Architect analyzer, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) and serum insulin by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (Architect analyzer). Glucose and insulin analyses were done at a certified core laboratory at the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Architect analyzer
Manufactured by Abbott
Sourced in United States, Ireland
The Architect analyzer is a laboratory instrument designed for automated clinical chemistry analysis. It performs various biochemical tests on patient samples to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of medical conditions.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
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56 protocols using architect analyzer
1
Anthropometric and Metabolic Measurements
2
Measuring Biochemical Analytes in Plasma
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Plasma and effluent concentrations of urea and creatinine were measured by enzymatic methods on an automated analyzer (Abbott Architect analyzer: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). Sodium concentrations were determined using the indirect ion selective electrode method. Glucose was measured on an autoanalyzer (Abbott Architect analyzer: Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA) by the enzymatic hexokinase assay.
3
Biomarkers in Kidney Transplant Monitoring
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Blood and urine samples were obtained in pre-defined times (before and one and three months after kidney transplantation) for laboratory tests and tacrolimus monitoring. Blood samples were also obtained in PAXgene™ blood RNA tubes (Qiagen GmbH, Hilden, Germany) for RNA extraction.
Creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by automated methods. The eGFR was calculated using the four-variable MDRD formula (28 (link)). Three months after the transplant, plasma levels of some cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured by immunoassays Milliplex™ MAP for Luminex® xMAP™ technology (Merck Millipore, Massachusetts, USA).
Tacrolimus blood concentration was measured by an immunoassay using the Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Illinois, USA). The tacrolimus C/D [ng/(mL·mg)] was calculated for each patient.
The biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (BCAR) was performed by the local pathologist according to the Banff 2003 classification (29 (link)). The delayed graft function (DGF) was considered to be the dialysis performed in 7 days after transplantation.
Creatinine, urea, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were measured by automated methods. The eGFR was calculated using the four-variable MDRD formula (28 (link)). Three months after the transplant, plasma levels of some cytokines such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured by immunoassays Milliplex™ MAP for Luminex® xMAP™ technology (Merck Millipore, Massachusetts, USA).
Tacrolimus blood concentration was measured by an immunoassay using the Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Illinois, USA). The tacrolimus C/D [ng/(mL·mg)] was calculated for each patient.
The biopsy-confirmed acute rejection (BCAR) was performed by the local pathologist according to the Banff 2003 classification (29 (link)). The delayed graft function (DGF) was considered to be the dialysis performed in 7 days after transplantation.
4
ED Opt-Out HIV and HCV Screening
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All screening were done by the triage nurse upon patient presentation to the ED. The protocol designated routine opt-out HIV screening for patients older than 13 years and targeted opt-out HCV screening for the subset of patients born between 1945 and 1965, as well as those patients who answered affirmatively to having ever used ''a needle to inject drugs.'' Patients were ineligible and not offered screening if they reported prior knowledge of HIV or HCV infection or if the triage nurse determined that they were medically unable to participate due to a high-acuity medical condition or impaired mental status. Opt-out verbal consent was utilized for screening, and the triage nurse could electronically order screening tests without requiring physician involvement. In addition to screening, physicians could order rapid HIV and HCV tests when clinically indicated. Blood was obtained using standard ED procedures. Tests were processed in the hospital laboratory using the Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Diagnostics, Lake Forest, IL). After receipt of the samples, the laboratory estimated turnaround time was 1 to 1.5 hours.
5
Measuring Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Catheterization
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During cardiac catheterization, fasting blood samples were collected from the femoral arterial sheath, centrifuged, and stored at −80°C for future analysis. hsCRP levels were determined using a sandwich immunoassay by FirstMark, Inc (San Diego, CA). Minimum detectable hsCRP concentrations were 0.1 mg/L. Plasma suPAR levels were measured using an ELISA assay (suPARnostic kit; ViroGates, Copenhagen, Denmark) that has a detection limit of 100 pg/mL with intra‐ and interassay coefficients of variation of 2.75% and 9.17%, respectively.17 Plasma hsTnI levels were measured using the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, North Chicago, IL); the limit of detection was 1.2 pg/mL with an interassay coefficient of variation of <10% at 4.7 pg/mL. The 99th percentile values of the upper reference limit ranges between 24 and 30 pg/mL in healthy populations.33 , 34 , 35
6
Vitamin D Status Determination Protocol
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After completing the self-administered SEQ, the participants underwent venous blood extraction for in-vitro determination of total serum 25-OHD using Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay with Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer (Abbott, Abbott Park, Illinois, USA), with coefficients of variation of 5.6% for low control, 5% for medium control and 5% for high control [10 (link)]. This is sufficient for the study’s purposes, since a maximum coefficient of variation of 10% for 25-OHD analysis is recommended [10 (link),11 (link)]. Vitamin D levels were then classified as follows: sufficient 30 ng/mL; insufficient 20–29 ng/mL; deficient < 20 ng/mL [3 ,12 (link)]. Those with vitamin D deficency and insufficiency were referred to an endocrinologist at the outpatient department of UP-PGH for proper education and appropriate treatment.
7
Urine Biomarkers in Familial Study
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The study was approved by the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) Institutional Review Board, and signed informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Urine calcium was measured using Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Park, IL) at the MUSC central laboratory, and urine β2-microglobulin at the ARUP Laboratory (Salt Lake City, Utah) using a quantitative chemiluminescent immunoassay. Whole blood was collected from affected and unaffected family members in purple top ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid tubes.
8
Anthropometric and Biochemical Measurements
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Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm. Weight was measured in light clothing. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by the square of height (m). Waist circumference was measured midway between the lower rib margin and the iliac crest. Serum triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and plasma glucose were measured by enzymatic methods with Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). ApoA1 and apoB were measured with immunoturbidimetric methods and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) was measured with ultrasensitive immunoturbidimetric method using Abbott Architect reagents. The inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) for triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and glucose were 1.2%, 2.5%, and 1.4%, respectively. CVs for apoA1, apoB, and hs-CRP were 1.3%, 2.5% and 2.9%, respectively.
Data of education and total household income were used as indicators of the socio-economic status. Educational level was divided into groups according to years of completed education: low (0–9 years), medium (10–12 years) and high education (13 years or more). Total household income per year was reported in three categories: low (<30 000 €/year), medium (30 001–60 000 €/year) and high (60 001–80 000 or more €/year).
Data of education and total household income were used as indicators of the socio-economic status. Educational level was divided into groups according to years of completed education: low (0–9 years), medium (10–12 years) and high education (13 years or more). Total household income per year was reported in three categories: low (<30 000 €/year), medium (30 001–60 000 €/year) and high (60 001–80 000 or more €/year).
9
Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Markers
10
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Metabolites
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Metabolites were measured after a 12-hour overnight fast, during a 4-point (0, 30, 60, 120 min) oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) [28 (link)]. Serum triglycerides, total and HDL cholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods with Abbott Architect analyzer (Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA). LDL cholesterol concentration was calculated using the Friedewald formula [42 (link)]. Serum insulin and serum C-peptide concentrations were assayed by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays using Architect analyzer. Patient medications were also recorded at time of OGTT. Patient medications were analyzed and categorized by physician review. All phenotypes considered are listed in S1 Table .
We inverse normalized all continuous traits. Blood pressure measurements were missing from 2 participants, whose samples were dropped when analyzing blood pressure traits. Prior to fitting models, we regressed all continuous traits on age, age2, and sex, except for age where we regressed only on sex.
We inverse normalized all continuous traits. Blood pressure measurements were missing from 2 participants, whose samples were dropped when analyzing blood pressure traits. Prior to fitting models, we regressed all continuous traits on age, age2, and sex, except for age where we regressed only on sex.
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