Soybean phosphatidylcholine

Soybean phosphatidylcholine (purity >92%) and DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀ were purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀ (ammonium salt) (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀-COOH) was purchased from Avanti Polar lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Cholesterol, 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS), bovine Lf, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT), and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp (St Louis, MO, USA). DOX hydrochloride was purchased from Beijing Huafeng United Technology Co., Ltd (Beijing, People’s Republic of China). The gel filtration mediums used in affinity chromatography, protein chromatography and gel filtration chromatography were Sephadex^® G75 and Sepharose^® CL-4B, which were purchased from GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin–streptomycin were acquired from GIBCO^® (Life Technologies Corp, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Human HCC cell lines HepG2, BEL7402, SMMC7721, and mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line NIH 3T3 were obtained from the Shanghai Institute of Cell Biology (Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). All other reagents were of analytical grade.

CQ (purity 99.6%) was purchased from Kaiyang Biotechnology Pharmaceutical (Shanghai, People’s Republic of China). PTX and Taxol^® were obtained from Zhejiang HISUN Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China). Cholesterol was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (TCI) (Tokyo, Japan). Soybean phosphatidylcholine was purchased from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). All other chemicals were of commercially available grade.
PTX-resistant derivatives of human lung adenocarcinoma (A549/T) cells, PTX-resistant derivatives of human ovarian carcinoma (A2780/T) cells, and mouse sarcoma (S180) cells were bought from KeyGEN BioTech (Nanjing, People’s Republic of China). They were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 medium (Ji Nuo Biotechnology, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China) containing 10% fetal bovine serum, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 µg/mL streptomycin and maintained at 37°C in a humidified and 5% CO₂ incubator.
Four- to five-week-old female Balb/c nude mice (Shanghai SLAC Laboratory Animal Co. Ltd, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China) were maintained in a pathogen-free laboratory environment, and animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Zhejiang University and performed in accordance with the Regulations on Experimental Animals of Zhejiang University (Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China).