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11 protocols using glass bottom dish

1

Melanocortin-Induced Erythrocyte Enucleation

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ACTH39, ACTH24, andα-MSH (M4135) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Melanocortins were dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% bovine serum albumin (BSA, ≥99%, A0281; Sigma-Aldrich).
The enucleation ratio is determined by microscopy-based cell counting after treatment with ACTH39, ACTH24 orα-MSH. Cells were transferred to a glass-bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One) and fixed with 10% (v/v) formalin. Bright-field and fluorescent images of cells stained with Hoechst33342 (2 μg/ml, Molecular Probes) were captured by epifluorescence microscopy from ten independent areas according to the systematic and random sampling method (IX-FLA, Olympus). The number of enucleating cells and enucleated cells were counted as enucleated RBCs. The enucleation ratio was then calculated as the percentage of the number of enucleated cells over the total number of cells [Enucleation ratio = (enucleating cells + enucleated cells)/total cells (300 cells)].
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2

Intracellular Localization of Peptide Complexes

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HeLa cells were seeded onto glass bottom dish (Greiner Bio-one, Tokyo, Japan) (10,000 cells/well) and incubated overnight in 2 mL of DMEM containing 10% FBS. The medium was then replaced with fresh medium containing 10% FBS, and peptide solution was applied to well at a concentration of 10 μM. After the cells had been incubated for 15 min-2 hr or 30 min at 4 °C, the medium was removed, and the cells were washed 3 times with ice-cold PBS supplemented with heparin (20 units/mL). The intracellular distribution of the complexes was observed by MFM after staining late endosomes/lysosomes with LysoTracker Red and nuclei with Hoechst 33342. The MFM observations were performed using a BZ-9000 (Keyence, Osaka, Japan) equipped with a 40X objective lens.
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3

Light-sheet Imaging of Zebrafish Xenografts

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We obtained fluorescence images of the zebrafish xenografts with a light-sheet microscope (Leica TCS SP8 DLS or Zeiss Z.1) at 5 dpf (invasion characterization) or 2 and 5 dpf (volumetric measurements). For Zeiss Z.1, we embedded whole fish in 1% low-melting agarose in a glass capillary. For Leica TCS SP8 DLS, we mounted whole zebrafish in 1% low-melting agarose within a 1.5 mm U-shaped glass capillary, glued to the center of a glass bottom dish (35 mm, Greiner Bio-One). Imaging chambers were filled with E3/H containing 0.6 mM tricane. We imaged whole zebrafish heads with a 10x/0.3W DLS objective (Carl Zeiss) plus DLS TwinFlect 5 mm water mirror cap on a Leica TCS SP8 DLS microscope (Leica Microsystems) by z-stack across the full depth of the head. Identical image acquisition settings were applied for all zebrafish, including controls. The light-sheet thickness was 4.8 μm, the z-step size was set to 3.7 μm, with system-optimized settings for 3D-merging for a total of 100-150 images (=slices) per z-stack.
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4

Quantifying Neuron Migration Response to CCL2

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Neurons were seeded at a density of 200,000 cells per 0.5 mL in a glass bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One, Monroe, NC) and allowed to settle for 2 days. Media containing 0, 50, 100, or 200 ng/mL of CCL2 was introduced to the plated neurons immediately before imaging. Neurons were continuously imaged every 2.5 minutes over a span of 3 hours using an Olympus LCV110 "VivaView" incubator microscope (Center Valley, PA) with a 20X DIC objective and MetaMorph acquisition software (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA). Individual neurons were manually tracked to determine the average velocity and distance traversed by treated and non-treated neurons. Approximately 1 microglia was found for every 30 neurons, and these were eliminated from the analysis. Data were analyzed using ImageJ plugins, manual tracking, and chemotaxis and migration tool (Schneider et al. 2012 (link)). All data across different cell culture groups yielded similar velocity and absolute distance traveled (see Figure 2) and thus were analyzed together (see Figure 3).
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5

Manipulating Lymphoma Cells with Optical Tweezers

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2 × 104 of lymphoma cells were add to 10 μL of Trypan blue dye, mixed carefully, and placed onto a glass bottom dish (Greiner bio-one, Frickenhausen, Germany). Single lymphoma cell was trapped in optical tweezers until cell membrane disintegration, followed by dye penetration into cell was observed. The laser power of 100, 200, 300, and 400 mW was tested prior to the selection of the optimal trapping force for living cell manipulations. The experiment was performed on Ri-1 and Toledo cell lines.
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6

Imaging Paneth Cell Granule Secretion

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Imaging of granule secretion was performed using mouse ileum organoids on day 3. The generation and culture of mouse intestinal organoids were performed as previously described [35 (link)]. The organoids suspended with Matrigel were transferred thinly onto a glass bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One). The dish was incubated on ice for 5 min to allow the organoids to drop to the bottom. Then, Matrigel was polymerized at 37 °C in a CO2 incubator. After polymerization, the organoids in Matrigel were covered with advanced Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium/Ham’s F12 until analysis.
The DIC images of the Paneth cells before and after stimulation were acquired using a Leica DMI6000B microscope (Leica Microsystems) at 16 frame/s. The area of granules in Paneth cells was measured from differential interference contrast images before and after stimulation using Image J (NIH).
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7

Visualization of Exosome Uptake in HepG2 Cells

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HepG2 cells were seeded in 0.5 ml of exosome-depleted medium onto a glass bottom dish (35 × 10 mm; Greiner Bio-One International GmbH, Austria) and treated with 50 μl of CFSE-labeled exosomes overnight in the dark at 37 °C in 5% CO2-atm. Next day, the medium was discarded and the cells were washed with 1 ml PBS. Uptake of exosomes by HepG2 cells was analyzed using a Zeiss LSM 710 ConfoCor3 confocal microscope (Carl Zeiss, Germany) equipped with an argon laser and a Plan-Apochromat 63x/1.40 Oil DIC objective (Carl Zeiss, Germany). Excitation was performed at 488 nm and detection was executed in a filter range of 493 to 630 nm. Images were analyzed using IMAGE J-Fiji software [32 (link)].
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8

Embryonic Hypothalamic Neuron Culture

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Hypothalami from E19 embryos were micro-dissected and dissociated, as previously described (Poon et al. 2012 (link), Poon et al. 2013 (link)). The cells (1 million / mL) were resuspended in Neurobasal Media containing B27 supplement (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY) and cultured in either a 6-well plate (BD Biosciences, Sparks, MD), in a cell culture insert (BD Biosciences, Sparks, MD), on a glass bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One, Monroe, NC), or on a ±1.5, 18 mm round coverslip (Warner Instruments, Hamden, CT). The cultures were tested using both IFC and qPCR for astrocyte contamination, first by labeling a set of cells with a neuronal marker, NeuN, and then by measuring mRNA levels of GFAP, an astrocyte marker. We found >95% of the cells to be positive for NeuN (Figure 1), with GFAP mRNA undetectable. Neurons were then treated with 0, 50, 100, or 200 ng/mL CCL2, concentrations that are within the EC50 range (Matsushima et al. 1989 (link), Carr et al. 1994 (link), Kao et al. 2012 (link)). For all experiments, 4 cell culture groups from 4 different litters were used, and four wells from each cell culture were used for the control or one of the CCL2-treated (50, 100, and 200 ng/mL) neurons.
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9

Drosophila S2 Cell Aggregation Assay

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S2 cells were maintained in Schneider’s Drosophila Medium (ThermoFisher Scientific Gibco) containing 62.5 U/ml penicillin, 62.5 μg/ml streptomycin, and 10% FBS at 20 °C. For an S2 cell aggregation assay, 1.0 × 106 cells were added to 1.6 ml medium in a 3.5 cm glass-bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One). After overnight incubation, plasmids for Actin-GAL4 and each UAS-Toll-1 construct were transfected to the cells with the Effectene Transfection Reagent (QIAGEN). Two days later, after 10 min of gentle agitation at room temperature, cell aggregations were observed using a Leica TCS-SP5 inverted confocal microscope (×10 DRY, 3 × 3 tile scan). For the quantification, the aggregation sizes were obtained using Analyze Particles (ImageJ) after image thresholding. Objects larger than 25 px (image resolution: 0.66 px/μm) were considered to be a cell or a cell aggregate, and then the fraction of large aggregates whose size was larger than 1000 px was calculated. Statistical significance was assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test.
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10

3D Imaging of Transparent Tissues

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The transparent samples were placed onto a glass bottom dish (Greiner Bio-One, Krems, Austria). To prevent the drying out, a few drops of the final immersed solution of each protocol were also added to the sample on the dish. Images of transparent tissues and stained slides were acquired using a Leica TSC SP8 confocal microscopy system (Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) and a LSM780 (Carl Zeiss, Jena, Germany). The 3D images of the entire 1-mm or biopsy specimen were taken using a 10× objective lens. The 3D mouse and human glomeruli images were taken using a 40× objective lens. For high-magnification images, such as the nephrin meandering pattern, a 100× objective lens was utilized. For image reconstruction, Z-stack projections were performed using ImageJ (ImageProcessing and Analysis in Jaca; http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/); 3D rendering was performed using Imaris 8.1.2 (Bitplane, Zurich, Switzerland).
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