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4 protocols using anti β1 integrin

1

Immunofluorescence Assay for Organelle Markers

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Immunofluorescence studies were carried out as previously described [24] (link). Briefly, cells grown overnight on 24-well cover glasses (Menzel, 12 mm) were treated with Cy2/Cy3-labeled MOA in FCS-containing medium and fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA) at 4 °C for 10 min. Cells were washed and incubated with NH4Cl at room temperature for 15 min before being permeabilized with PBS containing 0.02% saponin and 0.2% bovine serum albumin (BSA). Cells were stained with either anti-EEA1 (1:50, BD Transduction Laboratories), anti-Calnexin (1:100, Enzo Life Science), anti-CTR 433 (1:100, kind gift of Michel Bornens, Curie Institut), anti-Giantin (1:100, Abcam), anti-TGN46 (1:100, Sigma Aldrich), anti-Transferrin receptor (TfR, 1:100, Life Technologies), anti-Rab11 (1:100, Cell Signaling), anti-Lamp1 (1:200, BD PharMingen), anti-Rab7 (1:100, Santa Cruz Biotech) or anti-β1 integrin (1:100, R&D Systems) antibodies diluted in permeabilization buffer, followed by either donkey anti-mouse Cy3-labeled secondary antibody (1:100, Jackson ImmunoResearch), donkey anti-rabbit Cy3-labeled secondary antibody (1:100, Jackson ImmunoResearch) or donkey anti-goat Cy3-labeled secondary antibody (1:100, Jackson ImmunoResearch) diluted in permeabilization buffer. Nuclei were stained using DAPI (300 nM, Life Technologies).
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2

Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion Enhancement

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The involvement of integrins in the enhancement of cell adhesion by the ROCK inhibitor was evaluated by seeding MCECs (5 × 103 cells/well) in 96-well plates in the presence or absence of integrin-neutralizing antibodies (2 μg/mL): anti-α1 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α2 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α3 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α4 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α5 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α6 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-αV integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-α6 integrin (Merck Millipore), and anti-β1 integrin (R&D systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN). The effect of inhibiting phosphorylation of MLC and RhoA activity on cell adhesion was also evaluated by seeding MCECs with blebbistatin (10 μM) and C3 (300 ng/ml), respectively. Three hours after seeding, the numbers of adherent cells were determined with the CellTiter-GloTM luminescent cell viability assay (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The number of adhered cells was determined using a VeritasTM microplate luminometer (Promega Corporation).
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3

Quantification of VLA-4 Expression

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Expression of the Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) receptor on the cell membrane of A2058 melanoma cells, K562 WT cells, and K562 VLA-4 expressing cells was determined using flow cytometry. In brief, cells were incubated with either anti-α4 or anti-β1 integrin (1:100 dilution; R&D Systems) in a solution containing 0.1% BSA for 2 hours on a rocker with ice. Cells were then washed three times with PBS and further incubated with the secondary antibody (1:1000 dilution; Invitrogen) for 2 hours on a rocker with ice. Finally, cells were washed three times and run through the flow cytometer. Analysis of the data was performed using Flow Jo.
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4

Cell Adhesion on Extracellular Matrix

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The MCECs were seeded in 48-well or 96-well plates coated with or without PCM-DM. After 24 h, the mean cell areas were evaluated by Image J software (U.S. National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) following actin staining. The numbers of adhered cells after 1 h of seeding were measured with a CellTiter-GloTM luminescent cell viability assay (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The number of adhered MCECs at 1 h after seeding was then measured using a VeritasTM microplate luminometer (Promega Corporation). To elucidate the effect of the interaction between the integrins of the CECs and the PCM-DM on cell adhesion, the MCECs (1×104 cells/well) were seeded in 96-well plates coated with PCM-DM in the presence or absence of integrin-neutralizing antibodies (2 µg/mL), anti-α1 integrin (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA), anti-αv integrin (Merck Millipore), and anti-β1 integrin (R&D systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN). After 3 h of seeding, adherent cells were measured with the CellTiter-GloTM luminescent cell viability assay.
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