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4 protocols using total erk1 2 t erk1 2

1

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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The following primary antibodies were used for Western blotting: phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2, #9102; Cell Signaling), total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2, #9103; Cell Signaling), phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB, #3031; Cell Signaling), total NF-κB p65 (#3034; Cell Signaling), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) primary antibody (Lianke Bio Company, Hangzhou, China); polyvinylidene fluoride was purchased from Millipore (Bedford, Mass., USA). The bicinchoninic acid assay kit and enhanced chemiluminescence reagent were purchased from Pierce (Rockford, Ill., USA).
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2

ERK Signaling in LoVo Cells

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LoVo cells were incubated with CM of MSCs treated with siRNA in the presence or absence of U0126, the specific inhibitor of MEK1/MEK2. Proteins were extracted from LoVo cells using RIPA buffer, separated by 10 % SDS-PAGE, and transferred to Immobilon PVDF membranes (Millipore). The membranes were blocked with PBS containing 5 % non-fat dry milk and 0.1 % Tween 20 overnight. After washing, the membranes were incubated with antibodies against phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) and total ERK1/2 (tERK1/2) (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc., Danvers, MA, USA), incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibody and visualized with SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Millipore).
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3

Orexin-A Signaling Pathway Activation

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Human Orexin-A was obtained from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA).
Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium and fetal bovine serum were purchased from
Gibco Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY, USA). An anti-β-actin antibody was
obtained from BZSGB Technology (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies against
p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, total MEK1/2(t-MEK1/2), and total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2)
were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). The PI3K
inhibitor LY294002 was purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Inflammatory Signaling in Cell Culture

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Tissue culture medium (M199) was purchased from Lonza (Walkersville, MD). Antibiotics and collagenase were from GIBCO Laboratories (Grand Island, N.Y.). Fetal bovine serum was from Alekenbio (Nash, TX). Recombinant human biglycan and MCP-1 ELISA kit were purchased from R&D System (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against ICAM-1, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2), total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2), phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-MAPK, pp38), total p38 MAPK (tp38), phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (pNF-κB) and total NF-κB (tNF-κB) were purchased from Cell Signaling, Inc. (Beverly, MA). Antibodies against TLR2 and TLR4, specific siRNA for human TLR2 or TLR4, and scrambled siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). HiPerFect® transfection reagent and other transfection-related reagents were purchased from Qiagen (Valencia, CA). All other chemicals and reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO).
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