The test implants (Lynx, Equinox, Netherlands) of size 2 mm diameter X 5 mm length were coated with osteogenic nanofibres composed of composite blend of polycaprolactone 5.0% (w/v) (Sigma Aldrich, USA), gelatin type A 0.5% (w/v) (Sigma Aldrich, USA), dexamethasone 0.032% (w/v) (HiMedia, India), β-glycerophosphate 0.5% (w/v) (HiMedia, India), ascorbic acid 0.04% (w/v) (HiMedia, India) and hydroxyapatite 0.04% (w/v) (Budenheim, Germany) in 2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol (Sigma Aldrich, USA). Uncoated titanium screw type implants were used as controls. The fabrication of osteogenic nanofibrous coating on the surface of the implants by electrospinning technique was performed by placing the titanium screw (attached to the rotating shaft of DC motor) in between the syringe tip and collector plate (Fig. 2 ). The modification of electrospinning apparatus for fabricating nanofibrous coating and its subsequent physico-chemical characterization has been described in detail in our previous study24 (link).
Ascorbic acid
Manufactured by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin that serves as a reducing agent and essential nutrient. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Gallic acid, by HiMedia (11 mentions)
Quercetin, by HiMedia (6 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by HiMedia (6 mentions)
Potassium persulfate, by HiMedia (6 mentions)
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, by HiMedia (5 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by HiMedia (5 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by HiMedia (5 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Potassium ferricyanide, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Methanol, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Acetone, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Nitro blue tetrazolium, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Sodium nitrite, by HiMedia (4 mentions)
Dexamethasone (dex), by HiMedia (3 mentions)
Citric acid, by HiMedia (3 mentions)
Trichloroacetic acid, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
47 protocols using ascorbic acid
1
Osteogenic Nanofibrous Implant Coating
2
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Assay
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Dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, hexane, sodium bicinchoninate, 7, 12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene, 5-5-dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), sodium dithionate, L-γ-glutamyl-4-nitroanilide, H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) were purchased from Sigma-aldrich, Bangalore, India. Xylenol orange, ammonium ferrous sulfate, cyclohexane, 2, 6-dichlorophenol-indophenol (DCPIP), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), potassium ferricyanide, 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), glycylglycine, reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), ascorbic acid, guaiacol, Triton-X, nitroblue tetrazolium chloride (NBT), hydro-xylamine hydrochloride, and pyruvate were purchased from Himedia Laboratories, Mumbai, India. DMBA (7, 12- dimethylbenz(α)anthracene) was obtained from Sigma-aldrich, Bangalore, India. Autopack kit for analyzing bilirubin was purchased from Beacon Diagnostics, Gujarat, India, while alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase autopack kits were purchased from Delta Labs, Sindhudurg, India. Rest of the chemicals used in the present study were of analytical grade.
3
Cardioprotective Bioactive Evaluation
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Doxorubicin (Dox), DPPH, ABTS, NBT, DTNB, and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit were purchased from Sigma Chemicals (St. Louis, MO, United States). Ascorbic acid was purchased from Hi-media. Creatine Kinase-MB (CK-MB) was procured from Accurex (Mumbai, India). Normal goat serum, Alexa Flour 488 goat anti-rabbit, and Hoescht’s 33,258 were procured from Invitrogen. All primary (Nrf-2, SOD-2, Keap-1, and HO-1) and secondary antibodies used in this study were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology (Beverly, Massachusetts United States). LC-MS grade water and acetonitrile were purchased from M/s JT Baker, United States. Ammonium acetate and formic acid were brought from M/s Sigma Aldrich, United States. All the chemicals were used as such without any modification and derivatization.
4
Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol
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Methanol, DPPH, Ascorbic acid, Gallic acid, Hydrogen peroxide, and CCl4 were procured from HiMedia Pvt. Ltd., India. RNA isolation kit and cDNA synthesis kit were procured from Life Technologies, India.
5
Antioxidant and Tyrosinase Inhibition Assays
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For the study, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), DMEM-Low glucose, DMEM-high glucose, MTT Reagent, Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), ascorbic acid and ammonium persulfate were purchased from Hi-Media Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Mushroom tyrosinase and doxorubicin were procured from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Pvt. Ltd. (Bengaluru, India). L-DOPA and sodium phosphate were obtained from SRL Pvt. Ltd. (Mumbai, India). Kojic acid was ordered from Cayman chemicals (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Methanol and DMSO used were of analytical grade.
6
Optimizing Shoot Induction in Plant Tissue Culture
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The surface sterilized and antioxidant-treated nodal segments were inoculated vertically on Murashige and Skoog (MS; 1962 (link)) medium supplemented with 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, or 4.0 mg L−1 BAP or Kin (HiMedia®, Mumbai, India) for axillary shoot bud induction. Influence of 25 mg L−1 each of adenine sulfate, L-arginine, and citric acid and 50 mg L−1 ascorbic acid (all additives were procured from HiMedia®, India) on shoot growth and development were studied. Also, the effect of MS, ½ MS, WP (Lloyd and McCown 1981 ), or ½ WP on bud-breaking/shoot bud induction were optimized. The WP and MS media contained 2.0 and 3.0% (w/v) sucrose, respectively, and solidified with 0.8% (w/v) agar (Qualigens Fine Chemicals, Mumbai, India). The pH of medium with PGRs was adjusted to 5.8 ± 0.02 prior to autoclaving at 1.1 kg cm−2 pressure and 121°C temperature for 15 to 16 min. The cultures were initially incubated in dark for 2 to 3 d and thereafter shifted to growth room maintained at temperature 26 ± 2°C, photoperiod of 14 to 16-h with a light intensity of 40 to 50 μmol m−2 s−1 photon flux density (PFD) and relative humidity (RH) 60 ± 2%.
7
Antioxidant Assays Protocol
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Solvents (ethanol, acetone, benzene, methanol and HCl, etc.) and chemicals (DPPH (C18H12N5O6); potassium persulphate (K2S2O8), Folin-Ciocalteu (C10H5NaO5S) reagent (FCR); disodium hydrogen orthophosphate, trichloroacetic acid (C2HCl3O2), ferric chloride (FeCl3), potassium ferricyanide (C6N6FeK3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), ammonium molybdate, 2,2′-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate] (ABTS), etc.) were of either HPLC or analytic grade (Sigma Aldrich, HiMedia, India). Standards (HPLC grade) used during different antioxidant assays were procured from Sigma Aldrich. HPLC grade standards (Resorcinol, catechol, vanillin, ferulic acid, quercetin, benzoic acid, ascorbic acid, catechin, gallic acid and p-Coumaric acid) were procured from HiMedia and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively.
8
Extraction and Antioxidant Evaluation of Marine Algae
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Ascorbic acid, sodium hydroxide, nutrient agar, trypsin soy broth, Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, bile extract, and a red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer were purchased from Hi-Media (Mumbai, India). Pepsin and lipase from porcine, porcine pancreatin, fucoxanthin (≥95%, HPLC), phloroglucinol (≥99%, HPLC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), quercetin, gallic acid, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), acetone, methanol acetonitrile, antibiotic-antimycotic solution, and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were procured from Sigma-Aldrich (Bangalore, India). Ferulic acid (≥98%) and vanillin (≥99.4%) were purchased from SRL & Molychem (Mumbai, India), respectively. Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) via Gibco were procured from Thermo Fischer (New Delhi, India). The methanol (Avantor, Mumbai, India) was LC-MS grade, while all other chemicals used were of an analytical grade.
9
Ketorolac Tromethamine Formulation Development
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Ketorolac tromethamine was generously gifted by Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd. (Gurgaon, India). a-pinene, l-limonene, and fenchone were purchased from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, USA). Propylene glycol (PG), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, ascorbic acid, citric acid, isopropyl myristate, tweens (20, 80) and spans (20, 40, 80), and triton X-100 were obtained from Hi-Media, Mumbai, India. All other chemicals utilized were of suitable analytical grade.
10
Culturing Human Renal Proximal Tubular Cells
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Human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (hRPTECs) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). hRPTECs were maintained in DMEM-F12 (Gibco) with 3.5 μg/mL ascorbic acid (Himedia), 10 ng/mL recombinant human EGF (Invitrogen), 5 pM triiodo-L-thyronine (MPBiomedical), 5.0 μg/mL insulin (Invitrogen), 8.65 ng/mL sodium selenite (Himedia), 5.0 μg/mL human transferrin (Himedia), 25 ng/mL hydrocortisone (Himedia), 1.2 g/L sodium bicarbonate (Sigma Aldrich), 25 ng/mL prostaglandin E1 (Sigma Aldrich), 0.1 mg/mL G418 (Gibco), 100 units/ml penicillin (Gibco), 100 μg/ml streptomycin (Gibco). 25 cm2 culture T-flask was used to culture the cells which were stored in a humidified environment at 37ºC in 5% CO2 and harvested with trypsin-EDTA (Gibco) when they were in exponential growth phase. Medium was changed every 48 h.
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