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32 protocols using 50 ml tube

1

Isolation and Culture of hTDCs and hLDCs

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The other two portions of the T/L samples were minced using a sterile scalpel. PBS drops were added in a continuous basis to keep a moist environment and reduce cell damage by mechanical forces. The excess of PBS was removed using a filtration system for 50 ml tubes (Falcon). Minced samples were collected into a 50 ml tube (Falcon), already containing an enzymatic solution of collagenase (C6885; Sigma-Aldrich) with CaCl 2 (1:1000; VWR) and BSA (1% w/v; Sigma-Aldrich). A ratio of 1:1 of minced tissue to the enzymatic solution was considered. Two concentrations of collagenase were used: (i) 0.01% collagenase solution overnight, and (ii) 0.1% collagenase solution for 1 h. To stabilize the temperature inside the tube and to assure the temperature was constant at 37°C, samples were incubated in a water bath under constant agitation (1200 rpm). After incubation, digested samples were filtered and centrifuged three times (1200 rpm) for 5 min. Immediately after the first centrifugation, samples were vigorously agitated for 2-5 s and centrifuged again.
After isolation procedures, hTDCs and hLDCs were cultured in basic medium composed of α-MEM, supplemented with 10% FBS, and 1% A/A solution.
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2

Restrained Mouse Stress Protocol

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Mice were subjected to restraint stress by being placed individually into a 50 ml tube (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) for 1 h, as described previously28 (link). These tubes are small enough to restrain a mouse so that it is able to breathe but unable to move freely. The number of fecal pellets excreted during the restraint stress period (1 h) was measured.
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3

Propagation of Primate-Borne Viruses

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Two PRV strains that were isolated in previous studies [7 (link), 15 (link)] were used in this study. The PRV strain Miyazaki-Bali/2007 (PRV-MB) was isolated from a patient with PRV infection, who returned to Japan from Bali, Indonesia in 2007 [7 (link), 17 (link)]. The PRV strain Samal-24 (PRV-Samal-24) was isolated from E. spelaea in the Philippines in 2013 [15 (link)]. The nucleotide sequences of the 10 segments of each of these two PRV strains are deposited in GenBank (Table 1).
PRVs were propagated in human embryonic kidney-derived 293FT cells (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for the preparation of the working virus solution. Cells infected with each strain of PRV were cultured at 37°C in Dulbecco’s modified eagle’s medium (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich Co., LLC) supplemented with 5% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin; Pen-Strep, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) (DMEM-5FBS). After 2 days of culture, the medium was centrifuged at 800 × g for 5 min to remove cellular debris. The supernatant was overlaid onto 20% sucrose in a 50 ml tube (Becton Dickinson, Ltd.) and centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 2 h to concentrate the virus. The concentrated viruses were dissolved with DMEM with 2% FBS and 1% Pen-Strep (DMEM-2FBS), and the aliquots were stored at -80°C until use.
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4

Molecular Detection of Leishmania in Wild Sandflies

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Field collected sand flies were transferred alive into glass jars, kept in a climatic chamber (at 25 °C, 75% HR, 12 h light) and fed daily with sucrose solution. After one week, the jars were washed with sterile water, which was transferred into a 50 mL tube (Falcon) and centrifuged. Supernatants were discharged and pellets were resuspended in about 1 mL of sterile water, transferred into a 1.5 mL tube and tested by kDNA PCR for Leishmania spp. as above. Captive sand flies were pooled according to sex with a maximum of 25 specimens per pool and tested by kDNA PCR as above. These insects were collected according to the described protocol, in the same site, in season following the other samplings.
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5

Isolation of Intestinal Intraepithelial Lymphocytes

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To isolate IELs from the large and small intestines, tissues were dissected, cleaned to remove feces, cut open and chopped into 2-cm pieces. The pieces were treated with 1 mM 1,4-Dithioerythritol to release IELs (2×, 20 min each at 37 °C, constant shaking). The supernatant was filtered through 70-μm cell strainers (Falcon, Corning) kept in a 50-ml tube (Falcon, Corning) on ice. Cells were washed with PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA, and 44% and 67% density gradient centrifugation was performed as described above. After washing, the resulting pellet was resuspended in 100 µl staining buffer (PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA).
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6

Isolation of Spleen and Lymph Node Cells

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To isolate cells from the spleen and lymph nodes, tissues were dissected and placed on a 40-μm cell strainer (Falcon, Corning) kept on a 50-ml tube (Falcon, Corning) and were mashed on the cell strainer using the back of the 1-ml syringe plunger. Ten milliliters of PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA was continuously added while mashing to collect the single-cell suspension in a 50-ml tube. Collected cells were centrifuged at 400g for 5 min at 4 °C. The pellet was resuspended in 10 ml PBS and passed through a 30-μm nylon filter (CellTrics, Sysmex) kept in a 15-ml tube (Falcon, Corning). Cells were again centrifuged at 400g for 5 min at 4 °C. Afterwards, the pellet was resuspended in 100 μl of PBS containing 0.5% BSA and 2 mM EDTA for subsequent FACS staining. Red blood cell lysis was performed for splenic samples using red blood cell lysis buffer (10×, BioLegend) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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7

BMP-2 Release Quantification from Scaffolds

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To determine the amount of BMP-2 released from BMP-2/PCL or BMP-2/TA/PCL, each sample was placed in a 50-mL tube (Falcon, Corning, NY, USA) containing PBS (pH 7.4) at 100 rpm at 37 °C. At pre-designed time intervals, PBS was collected and replenished with fresh PBS solution. The released amount of BMP-2 from the scaffolds was determined by an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions using a Flash Multimode Reader (Varioskan™, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) at a wavelength of 450 nm.
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8

Single-cell isolation from solid tumor

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Resected tumor sample was collected from a 46-year-old male patient and transported in DMEM (GIBCO) on ice immediately after surgical at The First Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, Zhejiang University. A small fragment was cut from the tumor and washed by PBS twice, then minced into pieces and transferred into a 50-ml tube (BD Falcon) containing 10 ml pre-warmed accumax (Stem Cell Technologies). Tumor pieces were digested for 30 min at 37 °C with continuous rotation to obtain single-cell suspension; this suspension was then filtered using a 70-μm strainer (Miltenyi Biotec) and supplemented with 30-ml PBS, centrifuge at 600g for 5 min at 4 °C. The supernatant was discarded, and the cell pellet was re-suspended in 300-μl PBS before staining for FACS. The single-cell suspension was stained with CD45-FITC (eBioscience) and 7-AAD (eBioscience) to deplete red blood cells, leucocytes, and non-viable cells. Cells with CD45 and 7-AAD negative staining were collected, and single cells were picked up with a mouth pipette into 200-μl tubes with 3-μl lysis buffer containing 0.2% Triton X100 (Sigma-Aldrich) and 4U recombinant RNase Inhibitor (TakaRa). The lysate was gently vortexed, fast centrifuged to the bottom of the tube, and incubated at room temperature for 5 min. Immediately stored at − 80 °C for later use.
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9

Isolation and Culture of Human PBMCs

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20 mL of fresh blood were collected in a 50 mL Tube (Falcon, Corning, Mexico) for PBMC isolation diluted in PBS in a proportion of 1:1. 20 mL Biocholl (Biochrom, Berlin, Germany) was used accordingly as a control. The Biocoll was carefully overlaid by blood/PBS mixture without destroying its surface. The different components of peripheral blood were separated into different layers after centrifugation at 20 min/1200rcf/room temperature (RT). Then the intermediate phase (PBMCs) was carefully transferred to a new falcon tube and washed with PBS in proportion 1:4. PBMCs were resuspended in the washing buffer and centrifuged at 10 min/300rcf/RT. The supernatant discarded was followed by centrifugation at 10 min/200rcf/RT, and the PBMC pellets were thoroughly washed again with 20 ml of PBS. The falcon tubes contained with PBMCs were then centrifuged at 10 min/200rcf/RT, and the supernatant was rejected after that. Finally, the loose pellets of PBMCs through adequate vortexing were dissolved in RPMI 1640 medium (RPMI Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA), supplemented with 10% fetalbovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (P/S).
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10

Splenic Cell Isolation and Cryopreservation

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During delivery, splenic tissues were maintained at 15–22°C and RPMI 1640 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) supplemented with penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/mL, Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used as delivery medium. Spleens were comminuted mechanically in a culture dish containing RPMI with penicillin-streptomycin (100 U/mL, Thermo Fisher Scientific), filtered through a cell strainer (70 μm, Sigma Aldrich). After decantation, the cell suspension was transferred into a 50 mL tube (Falcon) containing Pancoll (Pan Biotech) and centrifuged. Then, cells were washed twice with RPMI medium and frozen at −150°C in medium containing fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Sigma Aldrich) with 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma Aldrich).
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