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Glycodeoxycholic acid

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Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid that can be used in various laboratory applications. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the human body and serves as a surfactant, emulsifier, and solubilizing agent. The core function of glycodeoxycholic acid is to facilitate the solubilization and dispersion of lipids and hydrophobic substances in aqueous solutions.

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Lab products found in correlation

Taurocholic acid, by Steraloids (4 mentions) Taurodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (4 mentions) Chenodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (4 mentions) Taurohyocholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Glycoursodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Tauroursodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Deoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Glycocholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Glycochenodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) β muricholic acid, by Steraloids (3 mentions) Hyocholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Taurohyoxydeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Ursodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Hyodeoxycholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Optima grade acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Tauro beta muricholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Tauro omega muricholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Alpha muricholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Beta muricholic acid, by Steraloids (2 mentions) Ammonium acetate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)

5 protocols using glycodeoxycholic acid

1

Quantitative Bile Acid Analysis

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Optima grade acetonitrile and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Ammonium acetate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Formic acid was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Bile acid standards, including tauro-alpha-muricholic aicd (T-α-MCA), tauro-beta-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA), tauro-omega-muricholic acid (T-ω-MCA), alpha-muricholic acid (α-MCA), beta-muricholic acid (β-MCA), taurohyocholic acid (THCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), hyocholic acid (HCA), taurohyoxydeoxycholic acid (THDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), cholic acid (CA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were purchased from Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI). Standard solutions of these 20 bile acids were prepared at concentrations of 0.5, 10, 50, 100, 500, 1500, 5000, and 10 000 nM in a solution of 20% (v/v) acetonitrile and water.
Poland J.C., Schrimpe-Rutledge A.C., Sherrod S.D., Flynn C.R, & McLean J.A. (2019). Utilizing Untargeted Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry To Profile Changes in the Gut Metabolome Following Biliary Diversion Surgery. Analytical chemistry, 91(22), 14417-14423.
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2

Bile Acid Profiling with LC-MS

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Optima grade acetonitrile and water were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Ammonium acetate was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Formic acid was purchased from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Bile acid standards were purchased from Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI) and included tauro-alpha-muricholic acid (T-α-MCA), tauro-beta-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA), tauro-omega-muricholic acid (T-ω-MCA), alpha-muricholic acid (α-MCA), beta-muricholic acid (β-MCA), taurohyocholic acid (THCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA), tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), hyocholic acid (HCA), taurohyoxydeoxycholic acid (THDCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), cholic acid (CA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), and deoxycholic acid (DCA).
Poland J.C., Leaptrot K.L., Sherrod S.D., Flynn C.R, & McLean J.A. (2020). Collision Cross Section Conformational Analyses of Bile Acids via Ion Mobility–Mass Spectrometry. Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry.
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3

Baicalin and Bile Acid Regulation

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Baicalin (>98%) was purchased from Dalian Meilun Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Meilunbio, Dalian, China). EE was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standards for BAs for cholic acid (CA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), β-muricholic acid (β-MCA), taurocholic acid (TCA), taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA), tauromuricholic acid (T-MCA), taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA), glycocholic acid (GCA), glycoursodesoxycholic acid (GUDCA), glycohyocholic acid (GHDCA), glycochenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), taurohyocholic acid (THDCA), glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA), and interior label d4-glycochenodeoxycholic acid (d4-GCDCA) were obtained from Steraloids (Newport, RI, USA).
Antibodies directed against FXR, CAR, PXR, VDR, cholesterol 7a-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) were purchased from Absin Biochemical Company (Shanghai, China). Antibodies directed against Sirt1, HNF-1α, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and NF-κB were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). An antibody against BSEP was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). And an antibody against MRP2 was obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
Yang J., Xiang D., Xiang D., He W., Liu Y., Lan L., Li G., Jiang C., Ren X., Liu D, & Zhang C. (2020). Baicalin Protects Against 17α-Ethinylestradiol-Induced Cholestasis via the Sirtuin 1/Hepatic Nuclear Receptor-1α/Farnesoid X Receptor Pathway. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10, 1685.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Bile Acid Derivatives

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Deoxycholic acid (DCA), chenoDeoxycholic acid (CDCA), cholic acid (CA), α-muricholic acid, β-muricholic acid, glycoDeoxycholic acid (GDCA), glycochenoDeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), and glycocholic acid (GCA) were obtained from Steraloids, Inc. Bile acid structures are shown in fig. S1. Bile acid A (37 ), 5-cholanic acid-3α,4β,7α-triol (7)(38 (link)), and AMPP (39 (link)) were synthesized according to published procedures. N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), diethylamine, N,N-dimethylformamide, trisodium citrate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), chloroform, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, fetal calf serum, and penicillin G and streptomycin sulfate were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich. HPLC solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) were HPLC grade and were purchased from EMD Chemicals. Milli-Q ultrapure water was prepared in-house with a Milli-Q Integral Water Purification System.
Jiang X., Sidhu R., Mydock L., Hsu F.F., Covey D.F., Scherrer D.E., Earley B., Gale S.E., Farhat N.Y., Porter F.D., Dietzen D.J., Orsini J.J., Berry-Kravis E., Zhang X., Reunert J., Marquardt T., Runz H., Giugliani R., Schaffer J.E, & Ory D.S. (2016). Development of a Bile Acid-Based Newborn Screen for Niemann-Pick C Disease. Science translational medicine, 8(337), 337ra63.
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5

Quantifying Bile Acid Profiles

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BA standards including cholic acid (CA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals Co (Steinheim, Germany). α-muricholic acid (α-MCA), β-muricholic acid (β-MCA), ω-muricholic acid (ω-MCA), tauro-cholic acid (T-CA), tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid (T-CDCA), tauro-deoxycholic acid (T-DCA), tauro-lithocholic acid (T-LCA), tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid (T-UDCA), tauro-α-muricholic acid (T-α-MCA), tauro- β-muricholic acid (T-β-MCA), glyco-cholic acid (G-CA), glyco-chenodeoxycholic acid (G-CDCA), glyco-deoxycholic acid (G-DCA), glyco-lithocholic acid (G-LCA), glyco-ursodeoxycholic acid (G-UDCA) and deuterated internal standards (IS) lithocholic acid-2,2,4,4-D4 (LCA-D4), deoxycholic acid-2,2,4,4-D4 (DCA-D4) and glycochenodeoxycholic acid-2,2,4,4-D4 (GCDCA-D4) were obtained from Steraloids, Inc. (Newport, RI, USA). Methanol HPLC grade was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ultra-pure reagent water was purified by a Milli-Q gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA). Acetonitrile LC-MS grade was from VWR and formic acid LC-MS grade was purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals Co.
Ghaffarzadegan T., Essén S., Verbrugghe P., Marungruang N., Hållenius F.F., Nyman M, & Sandahl M. (2019). Determination of free and conjugated bile acids in serum of Apoe(−/−) mice fed different lingonberry fractions by UHPLC-MS. Scientific Reports, 9, 3800.
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