Scirocco 2000

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany

The Scirocco 2000 is a laser diffraction particle size analyzer designed and manufactured by Malvern Panalytical. The instrument measures the particle size distribution of a wide range of materials by analyzing the pattern of light scattered by the particles in a sample. The Scirocco 2000 uses a laser-based measurement technique to provide rapid and accurate particle size analysis.

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Lab products found in correlation

Mastersizer 2000, by Malvern Panalytical (19 mentions) Malvern mastersizer 2000, by Malvern Panalytical (3 mentions) Accpyc 1330, by Micromeritics (1 mentions) Sigma 300, by Zeiss (1 mentions) E 1030, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Hydro 2000mu, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Hydro 2000, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions) Quanta 600, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Malvern Mastersizer Scirocco 2000 (12 citations) Mastersizer Scirocco 2000 (4 citations) Scirocco 2000 dry powder module (3 citations) Scirocco 2000 dry dispersion unit (3 citations)

23 protocols using scirocco 2000

Comprehensive Physicochemical Characterization of Powder Samples

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Moisture (x_w) (g water/100 g sample) was determined by vacuum oven drying (Vaciotem, J.P. Selecta, Spain) at 70 °C until constant weight.
The water activity (a_w) of samples was analyzed by AquaLab PRE LabFerrer equipment (Pullman, Washington, DC, USA).
Hygroscopicity (Hg) was determined according to Cai and Corke [10 (link)].
The pH of samples was analyzed on dispersions (10% w/v) in distilled water following Bender et al. [11 (link)].
Sample particle size distribution was determined according to Standard ISO13320 (AENOR 2009) with a particle size analyzer (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Mastersizer 2000, Worcestershire, UK) equipped with a dry sample dispersion unit (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Scirocco 2000). Particle size distribution was characterized by the volume mean diameter (D [4, 3]) and standard percentiles d (0.1), d (0.5) and d (0.9).
Porosity (ε) was determined from true (ρ) and bulk (ρ_b) densities according to Agudelo et al. [12 (link)] with slight modifications. To determine bulk density (ρ_b), about 2 g of powder were placed inside a 10 mL-graduated test tube and the occupied volume was noted. Bulk density was calculated by dividing the mass of powder by the occupied volume, and was expressed as g/L. The real density of samples was established by a helium pycnometer (AccPyc 1330, Micromeritics, Norcross, GA, USA).

Noguerol A.T., Igual M, & Pagán-Moreno M.J. (2021). Nutritional, Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Vegetable Fibers to Develop Fiber-Based Gel Foods. Foods, 10(5), 1017.

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Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction

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Particle size distributions have been determined by laser diffraction (Mastersizer 2000, Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Kassel, Germany). For aerosol generation a dry dispersion unit (Scirocco 2000, Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Kassel, Germany) was operated at a pressure of two bar. The values given in this paper are calculated by averaging over five consecutive measurements. For evaluation, a Rayleigh-Mie model assuming spherical particles is used.

Hesse N., Dechet M.A., Bonilla J.S., Lübbert C., Roth S., Bück A., Schmidt J, & Peukert W. (2019). Analysis of Tribo-Charging during Powder Spreading in Selective Laser Sintering: Assessment of Polyamide 12 Powder Ageing Effects on Charging Behavior. Polymers, 11(4), 609.

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Protein Content Analysis of Powder Fractions

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The protein content of sieved fractions was determined using a chemical protein digestion method (N × 6.25, Kjeldahl analysis) [29 (link)] to investigate the influence of the chemical composition of powders on the charging behavior of particles. The volume-fraction size distribution of all sieved fractions were determined by Mastersizer 2000 (model APA 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) with a dry dispersion unit of Scirocco 2000 (model ADA 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) and used to calculate the particle volume mean diameters (D4,3).

Mehrtash H., Konakbayeva D., Tabtabaei S., Srinivasan S, & Rajabzadeh A.R. (2022). A New Perspective to Tribocharging: Could Tribocharging Lead to the Development of a Non-Destructive Approach for Process Monitoring and Quality Control of Powders?. Foods, 11(5), 693.

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Laser Diffraction Analysis of Spray Dried Powders

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Particle size distributions of the spray dried formulations were analyzed by laser diffraction (Malvern Mastersizer 2000, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). Powder samples were dispersed via a Scirocco 2000 dry powder module (Malvern Instruments, UK) with air pressure at 4.0 bar. Refractive indices for formulations A and B were 1.54 and 1.46, respectively. Volumetric diameter (D₁₀, D₅₀, and D₉₀) and span (the difference between D₁₀ and D₉₀ divided by D₅₀) values were reported based on triplicate measurements.

Lin Y., Chang R.Y., Britton W.J., Morales S., Kutter E., Li J, & Chan H.K. (2019). Inhalable combination powder formulations of phage and ciprofloxacin for P. aeruginosa respiratory infections. European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V, 142, 543-552.

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Characterization of Superdispersed Cellulose Nanofibers

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The SEM images of SDCNFs were obtained via the Hitachi Tabletop Microscope SEM TM 3000 (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). SDCNF powders were placed on the SEM stub covered with carbon tape using a lab scoop. Air flow was then used to secure minor particles to the carbon tape. The set accelerating voltage was 15 kV and various magnifications were adjusted automatically. The particle size distribution was measured via a laser diffractometer Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). One gram of SDCNF powders was placed on the tray in the Scirocco 2000 attachment (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK), and the powders were analyzed with a particle refractive index of 1.53 [45 (link)]. The aspect ratio and circularity of SDCNFs particles were measured via a Morphologi-G3-ID morphologically directed optical microscope system (Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). The following two equations are Circularity and Aspect Ratio:

Circularity = \frac{2 \times \sqrt{π \times Area}}{Perimeter}

Aspect Ratio = \frac{Width}{Length}

Perimeter (µm): Actual perimeter of particle; Area (µm²): Actual area of a particle in square microns [46 (link)].

Hwang S., Walker C.C., Johnson D., Han Y, & Gardner D.J. (2023). Spray Drying Enzyme-Treated Cellulose Nanofibrils. Polymers, 15(20), 4086.

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Particle Size Distribution Analysis

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In order to measure the particle size distribution (PSD) of the product particles, laser diffraction particle sizing with a Mastersizer 2000 equipped with a Scirocco 2000 dry dispersion unit (Malvern Panalytical GmbH, Kassel, Germany) was used. The dispersion gas (compressed air) pressure was 2 bar. The given PSDs were the average over 3 single determinations.

Dechet M.A., Baumeister I, & Schmidt J. (2020). Development of Polyoxymethylene Particles via the Solution-Dissolution Process and Application to the Powder Bed Fusion of Polymers. Materials, 13(7), 1535.

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Laser Diffraction-based Particle Sizing

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Particle size distribution was determined by a laser diffraction method with Malvern Mastersizer 2000 instrument and a Scirocco 2000 dry dispersion unit (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK). The laser obscuration was set to 2–6%, feed rate to 60% and air pressure to 100 000 Pa. All analyses were performed in triplicate.

Buljat A.M., Jurina T., Jurinjak Tušek A., Valinger D., Gajdoš Kljusurić J, & Benković M. (2019). Applicability of Foam Mat Drying Process for Production of Instant Cocoa Powder Enriched with Lavender Extract§. Food Technology and Biotechnology, 57(2), 159-170.

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Characterization of VRC Powder Morphology

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The shape and surface morphology of the VRC, VRC-T, and VRC-S powders were examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM; Sigma 300; Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). The powders were fixed on to a brass specimen club using double-sided adhesive tape and made electrically conductive by coating in a vacuum (6 Pa) with platinum (6 nm/min) using a Hitachi ion sputter (E-1030) for 100 seconds at 4 mA. The crystal form of the VRC-S was observed. The particle size distribution of each sample was measured using a laser diffraction particle size analyzer (Mastersizer 2000; Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) equipped with a dry sampling system (Scirocco 2000; Malvern Instruments). The analysis was conducted at a feed rate of 20% and an air pressure of 4 bars and measured in triplicate.

Kwak S.S., Lee E.S., Yoon H.Y., Kim C.H., Goo Y.T., Kang M.J., Lee S., Lee B.S., Jeon H.R., Oh C.H, & Choi Y.W. (2018). Immediate release tablet formulation of varenicline salicylate and comparative pharmacokinetic study in human volunteers. Drug Design, Development and Therapy, 12, 3377-3392.

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Particle Size Analysis of Pharmaceutical Suspensions

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The PSD of the PM-EWP_s was measured using laser light scattering on a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 equipped with a Scirocco 2000 dry dispersion unit (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). Moderate particles were added to dry the dispersion device to achieve the required opacity, and the PSD was determined at least three times. Percentile values are represented by the letters d(10), d(50), and d(90). These are statistical characteristics that may be derived directly from the particle size distribution’s cumulative distribution. They represent the particle size below which 10%, 50%, or 90% of all particles are detected. D(4.3) is the volume-weighted mean size. It is the mean diameter, which may be calculated directly from particle size measurements when the recorded signal is proportional to the particle volume. Surface-weighted mean size, i.e., d(3.2) is defined as the diameter of a sphere that has the same volume/surface area ratio as a particle of interest [18 (link),19 (link)].

Jafari Z., Goli M, & Toghyani M. (2022). The Effects of Phosphorylation and Microwave Treatment on the Functional Characteristics of Freeze-Dried Egg White Powder. Foods, 11(17), 2711.

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Particle Size Analysis by Laser Diffraction

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The volume-based particle size distributions (PSD) were determined by laser diffraction using a Mastersizer 2000 (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Worcestershire, UK) with the Scirocco 2000 dry powder feeder to disperse the particles. The dispersive air pressure used was 2 bar. Samples were run at a vibration feed rate of 50%. Analyses were undertaken using a real part refractive index of 1.520 and an absorption part of 0.1. Results presented are the average of three determinations

Tewes F., Brillault J., Gregoire N., Olivier J.C., Lamarche I., Adier C., Healy A.M, & Marchand S. (2020). Comparison between Colistin Sulfate Dry Powder and Solution for Pulmonary Delivery. Pharmaceutics, 12(6), 557.

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