Rosuvastatin

The drugs used were paclitaxel (Fresenius Kabi, Santiago, Chile), rosuvastatin (Selleck Chemicals, Houston, TX, USA), and duloxetine (Tocris Bioscience, Minneapolis, MN, USA). paclitaxel, dissolved in 50% Cremophor and 50% absolute ethanol (both from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), was administered once a day for five consecutive days at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg i.p. rosuvastatin was dissolved in 4% DMSO and 30% PEG-300 (both from Sigma-Aldrich) using double-distilled water, and administered once a day for seven consecutive days, at doses of 3, 10, 30, and 100 mg/kg i.p. duloxetine was dissolved in 2% DMSO, 30% PEG-300, and double-distilled water, and administered once a day for seven consecutive days, at doses of 1, 3, 10, and 30 mg/kg i.p. All drugs were administered in a volume of 10 mL/kg, while controls groups received 10 mL/kg of the vehicle used to dissolve the respective drug.
The primary antibodies employed in the study were polyclonal anti-GFAP (1:10,000, rabbit, USBiological G2032-27J, United States Biological, Salem, MA, USA), polyclonal anti-CD11b (1:1000, rabbit, NB110-89474, Novus Biologicals, Centennial, CO, USA), and monoclonal anti-β-actin (1:2000, mouse, A5441, Sigma-Aldrich) that was employed to normalize the levels of protein detected. As secondary antibody, the goat polyclonal 115-035-174 antibody (Jackson InmunoResearch, West Grove, PA, USA) was used.

Atorvastatin (PHR-1422) and rosuvastatin (SML-1264) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, USA. Atorvastatin and rosuvastatin were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 50 mM. PD98059 (S1177, SelleckChem) was reconstituted in DMSO at a concentration of 20 mM. LY294002 (S1105, SelleckChem) was reconstituted in DMSO at a concentration of 10 mM. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, Sigma) and mouse epidermal growth factor (EGF, Corning) were reconstituted in sterile deionized water at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 50 μg/mL respectively.

Bacterial strains used in this study are presented in Tables 1 and 2. Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB), gentamicin and tetracycline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich while mupirocin (Applichem), linezolid (Selleck Chemicals), and vancomycin hydrochloride (Gold Biotechnology) were acquired from other commercial vendors. Mannitol salt agar (MSA), Trypticase soy agar (TSA) and Trypticase soy broth (TSB) were purchased from Becton, Dickinson and Company (Cockeysville, MD). All statin drugs used in this study were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), with the exception of pitavastatin and rosuvastatin which were obtained from Selleckchem (Houston, TX, USA).