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5 protocols using anti arginase 1

1

Intracellular Arginase-1 Staining

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For intracellular staining of arginase-1, cells were fixed and permeabilized with Fix/perm buffer (eBioscience), washed and then stained with anti-arginase-1 (BD biosciences), as described before (28 (link)).
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2

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Tissue

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Immunohistochemistry was performed at McMaster’s Histology Core Facility as previously described15 (link). Briefly, formalin-fixed tissues were cut at 5 µm sections and stained with Masson’s trichrome for ECM, anti-αSMA (Dako, cat# M0851) for the identification of αSMA-positive myofibroblasts and anti-fibronectin (Abcam, cat# ab2413) for the assessment of pro-fibrotic factors. Lung tissue sections were also stained with anti-arginase-1 (BD Biosciences, cat# 610708) for the identification of alternatively activated macrophages. We used the Dako ARKTM (Animal Research Kit) Peroxidase (cat# K3954) to execute immunohistochemical stains involving mouse primary antibodies on mouse lung tissues. As for tissues that contain endogenous biotin (such as liver and kidney and other tissues), a step involving avidin/biotin block (Vector Laboratories, cat# SP2001) was conducted prior to immunohistochemical staining of the lung tissues. Diluent and IgG negative controls as well as non-treated tissue controls were included to ensure precision of the staining protocol and optimal antibody concentrations.
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3

Detailed Phenotypic Analysis of Immune Cells

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The antibodies used for phenotypic analysis of the cells were purchased from ebiosciences: anti-PD-1 (clone: J43), anti- CD25 (clone: PC61.5), anti- CD4 (GK1.5), anti- MHCII (IA/IE), anti-H-2Kb and anti- PDL1 (clone: MIH5) or Biolegend: anti- Gr-1 (clone: RB6-8C5), CD11b (clone: M1/70), anti- TCRβ (clone: H57-597), anti- CD8, anti- CD4, ant- Tim-3 (clone: B8.2C12), and anti- mouse F4/80 (clone: BM8); and anti-Ly6C (clone: AL-21), anti- Ly6-G (clone: 1A8), anti-CD124 (IL-4Rα), or anti- arginase-1 from BD biosciences. The fluorescent conjugates used were as follows: phycoerithrin (PE), PE– CY7, FITC, allophycocyannin (APC), APC-CY7, pacific blue, peridinin-chlorophyll-cy5.5 (PerCP Cy5.5), and aqua amine (Molecular Probe, Invitrogen) for exclusion of dead cells. NKT cells were stained using CD1d tetramer (tet) obtained from the NIH Tetramer facility, Rockville, MD.
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Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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Cells were lysed in Ripa buffer (Upstate Biotechnology, Temecula, CA) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Catalog # P5726 and P0044, Sigma, St. Louis, MO). Cell lysates were centrifuged for 10 m at 20,000 g, and supernatants were collected for Western blotting analysis. Protein estimation was carried out in supernatants using protein assay kit (Bio Rad, Hercules, CA). Equal amounts of protein were loaded, separated by electrophoresis using 10% SDS-PAGE gels, and transferred into nitrocellulose membranes. The blots were blocked using 5% bovine serum albumin (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), incubated with their respective primary and secondary antibodies; anti-arginase 1 (Catalog # 610708, 1:1000, BD Biosciences, San Diego, CA), anti-phospho-ATF-2 (Catalog #9221, 1:1000), anti-total-ATF-2 (Catalog #9226 1:1000), anti-c-Jun (Catalog #9165, 1:1000) (Cell signaling, Boston, MA), anti-actin (Catalog #A2066, 1:1000, Sigma, St. Louis, MO), followed by the respective secondary antibodies. Signals were detected using chemiluminescence. To quantify the resultant blots, individual band intensities were measured (arbitrary units) and ratios of protein to actin were calculated per sample using NIH ImageJ software.
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5

Quantifying Neurobiological Markers in Mouse Brain

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The mouse brain was extracted using protein extraction buffer (T-PER, Thermo Fisher, USA) containing protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Thermo Fisher, USA). Equal amounts of protein extracts (20µg) were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred onto a nitrocellulose lter (NC) membrane (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, USA). After being blocked with 5% non-fat milk, membranes were incubated at 4°C overnight with primary antibodies (all at 1:1000) as follows: anti-β-actin (Abcam, USA), anti-p-mTOR(Abcam, USA), anti-GDNF(Abcam, USA), anti-BNDF(Abcam, USA), anti-CNTF(Abcam, USA), anti-Bcl-2(Abcam, USA), anti-Bax (Abcam, USA), anti-p110α-PI3K (C73F8) (Cell Signaling Technology, MA), anti-p-Akt (Ser473) (Cell Signaling Technology, MA), anti-β-catenin (Cell Signaling Technology, MA), anti-Fzd1 (R&D system, USA), anti-NLRP3 (R&D system, USA), anti-WNT1 (ABGENT, USA), anti-iNOS/NOS(BD, USA) or anti-Arginase1 (BD, USA). After being washed in TBST, the immunoblots underwent incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies (Jackson Lab, USA) for 1h. Bands were visualized and analyzed using a ChemiDoc XRS (Bio-Rad, USA) and Image Lab(Bio-Rad, USA).
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