FITC-PLL (FITC-linker-K-K-K-K-K; purity >93%; 1,160 Da) was purchased from Peptron Inc. (Daejeon, Korea). FITC-HA (purity >95%; 10,000 Da) was purchased from Creative PEGWorks Co. (Chapel hill, NC). Vitamin C, ketoprofen, and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO). Ketotop® patch was purchased from Handok Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Lopinavir was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada). Valsartan was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). All other reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification
Lopinavir
Manufactured by LGC
Sourced in Canada
Lopinavir is a pharmaceutical product used as a core component in various laboratory equipment. It serves as a key ingredient in the formulation and development of laboratory-grade solutions and reagents. The primary function of Lopinavir is to provide a reliable and consistent chemical compound for use in various analytical and research applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ritonavir, by LGC (2 mentions)
Darunavir, by LGC (2 mentions)
Vitamin c, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ketoprofen, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Valsartan, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Glucose 6 phosphate (g6p), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyp3a4, by Corning (1 mentions)
16α hydroxydhea s, by Steraloids (1 mentions)
Dhea s standard, by Cayman Chemical (1 mentions)
Dehydroepiandrosterone d5 3 sulfate dhea s d5, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
β nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate nadp, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anti socs3, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Insulin from bovine pancreas, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Anti socs1, by Santa Cruz Biotechnology (1 mentions)
Atazanavir, by LGC (1 mentions)
Rpmi 1640 culture medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Interleukin 2 (il 2), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using lopinavir
1
Characterization of FITC-labeled Biomaterials
2
DHEA-S Quantification Using Enzyme Assay
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The DHEA-S standard was purchased from Cayman
Chemical (Ann Harbor, MI). The metabolite standard, 16α-hydroxy
DHEA-S, was purchased from Steraloids (Newport, RI). Glucose-6-phosphate,
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP+), and the internal standard, dehydroepiandrosterone-d5-3-sulfate (DHEA-S-d5), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Lopinavir, ritonavir,
and saquinavir mesylate were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals
(North York, ON, Canada). All other chemicals and solvents used were
obtained from standard suppliers and were of reagent or analytical
grade. The CYP3A4 (catalog number: 456202) and CYP3A7 Supersomes (catalog
number: 456237) were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY) where the
recombinant CYP3A enzymes were coexpressed with the human cytochrome
P450 reductase and the human cytochrome b5 in Sf9 insect cells using
a baculovirus expression system.
Chemical (Ann Harbor, MI). The metabolite standard, 16α-hydroxy
DHEA-S, was purchased from Steraloids (Newport, RI). Glucose-6-phosphate,
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
phosphate (NADP+), and the internal standard, dehydroepiandrosterone-d5-3-sulfate (DHEA-S-d5), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Lopinavir, ritonavir,
and saquinavir mesylate were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals
(North York, ON, Canada). All other chemicals and solvents used were
obtained from standard suppliers and were of reagent or analytical
grade. The CYP3A4 (catalog number: 456202) and CYP3A7 Supersomes (catalog
number: 456237) were purchased from Corning (Corning, NY) where the
recombinant CYP3A enzymes were coexpressed with the human cytochrome
P450 reductase and the human cytochrome b5 in Sf9 insect cells using
a baculovirus expression system.
3
Insulin Signaling Pathway Analysis
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Lopinavir and darunavir were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals Inc. (Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and dissolved in ethyl acetate and methanol, respectively. Since the levels of IRS1 expression and IRS1 phosphorylation by insulin were comparable in preliminary experiments, methanol was used as a vehicle control in the following experiments. Insulin from bovine pancreas was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The primary antibodies used were anti-phospho (Ser307)-IRS1 and anti-IRS1 antibodies (Upstate Biotechnology Inc., Lake Placid, NY, USA), and anti-SOCS1, anti-SOCS3 and anti-PTP1B antibodies (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The phospho-tyrosine-specific monoclonal antibody 4G10 (Upstate Biotechnology, Darmstadt, Germany) was used in the immunoprecipitation assay.
4
Investigating HIV Protease Inhibitor Effects on Osteoblasts
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The HIV protease inhibitors ritonavir, darunavir, atazanavir and lopinavir were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, Inc. (Toronto, ON, Canada). These drugs were prepared as stock solutions in methanol. All prepared anti-HIV drugs were mixed with osteoblast differentiation medium to adjust to the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) that these drugs achieve when they are administered at treatment doses in adult HIV patients. Cmax values of protease inhibitors were based on those on the University of Liverpool website, www.hiv-druginteraction.org . The Cmax values were: ritonavir, 11.20 µg/ml; lopinavir, 9.60 µg/ml; darunavir, 6.50 µg/ml; and atazanavir 3.15 µg/ml.
5
Synthesis and Cell Culture Protocols
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TAF, TFV, and nelfinavir (NFV) were synthesized by Gilead Sciences (Foster City, CA). Lopinavir (LPV) was purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (North York, ON, Canada). Nyosil-M25 oil was purchased from Nye Lubricants (Fairhaven, MA). PBMCs were obtained from the Stanford Blood Bank (Palo Alto, CA) and maintained in RPMI-1640 culture medium acquired from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) containing 15% fetal bovine serum, 100 units/mL of penicillin, 100 μg/mL of streptomycin, and 20 IU/mL of interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced by Sigma (St. Louis, MO) at a density of 2.5 × 106 cells/mL. Human proliferating osteoblast cells (lot #6122) were obtained from Lonza (Walkersville, MD) in 96-well or 6-well plates and maintained in Lonza’s osteoblast basal medium, supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, ascorbic acid and gentamicin/amphotericin-B.
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