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4 protocols using ab52640

1

Molecular Mechanisms of GBE-Mediated Cytoprotection

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GBE was provided by Wanbangde Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Chemicals such as L-glutamate, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), DCFH-DA and DMSO were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich; Merck KGaA. Antibody were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. or Abcam: p-SRC (ab40660, Abcam), SRC (ab109381, Abcam), p-VAV2 (ab86695, Abcam), Vav2 (ab52640, Abcam), p-p66Shc (ab68166, Abcam), p66Shc (ab33770, Abcam), cytochrome c (ab133504, Abcam), β-actin (sc-58673, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), prohibitin (sc-377037, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (HRP) (ab7090, Abcam), Goat Anti-Mouse IgG H&L (HRP) (ab205719, Abcam). Rac1 activity assay kit was obtained from Cell Biolabs. Amplex Red hydrogen peroxide/peroxidase assay kit was obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. Caspase-3 Activity assay kit was obtained from Abcam. Other chemicals and reagents used in this study were obtained from Beyotime.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis with Inhibitors

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Cells were lysed with RIPA lysis buffer (Solarbio, R0020) containing PMSF (Solarbio, P0100), phosphatase inhibitor cocktail I (MCE, HY-K0021) and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail II (MCE, HY-K0022). The protein concentration of each sample was determined by BCA assay using the BCA kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Lysate containing 10–20 µg of protein was separated on SDS-PAGE and transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). Antibody against VAV2 (ab52640), Ku70 (ab92450), STAT1 (ab234400), phospho-STAT1 (S727) (ab109461), ATF7 (ab183507), GTF2E1 (ab140634), GAPDH (ab181602), HIS (ab213204), DNA PKcs (ab32566) or DNA PKcs (phosphor S2056) (ab124918) was from Abcam while antibodies against γ-H2AX (Ser139) (#2577), Ku80 (#2180), FLAG (#14793) or MYC (#2278) antibody was from Cell Signaling Technology. The signal was detected with a SuperSignalTM West Pico/Femto Chemiluminescent Substrate kit (Thermo Fisher, 34580) through the Amersham Imager 600. The protein bands were quantified by gray scanning using ImageJ software.
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3

Protein Expression Analysis by Western Blot

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Expression of MARCH7, VAV2, CDC42 and RAC1 protein was analyzed by western blotting as described (14 (link)). The primary antibodies used included polyclonal rabbit anti-MARCH7 (1:1,000; ab84130; Abcam Inc.); monoclonal rabbit anti-VAV2 (1:1,000; ab52640; Abcam Inc.); monoclonal rabbit anti-CDC42 (1:1,000; 187643; Abcam Inc.); monoclonal rabbit anti-RAC1 (1:1,000; ab180683; Abcam Inc.); and polyclonal rabbit anti-GAPDH (1:1,000; AB10016; Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). The densities of bands were analyzed by a gel imaging system and calculated compared to the internal control.
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4

Investigating Oxidative Stress Pathways

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Chemicals such as RAC1 inhibitor NSC23766 and NOX (NADPH oxidase) inhibitor VAS2870 were purchased from MCE Biotechnology. MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cell proliferation assay kit was purchased from Solarbio. Reagents such as antibodies were purchased from Abcam, Santa Cruz Biotechnology and NOVUS: p-SRC (ab40660, Abcam), SRC (ab109381, Abcam), p-Vav2 (ab86695, Abcam), Vav2 (ab52640, Abcam), p-p66SHC (ab68166, Abcam), p66SHC (ab33770, Abcam), GAPDH (ab8245, Abcam), Prohibitin (sc-377037, Santa Cruz Biotechnology), NOX4 (NB110-58849, NOVUS), GFAP (ab7260, Abcam). RAC1 activity assay kit was purchased from Cell Biolabs. NOX activity assay kit, MDA (malondialdehyde) assay kit and SOD (super oxide dismutase) activity assay kit were purchased from Solarbio and Abcam. Other chemicals and reagents used in this study were obtained from Beyotime and Sangon.
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