Strains used in this study are shown in Table 1 , and were obtained from BEI Resources, the ATCC, or the UC Davis Culture Collection. For routine experiments, microorganisms were cultured in their respective culture media described in Table 1 . Luria-Bertani medium (LB; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was used directly, while reinforced clostridium medium (RCM; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l -cysteine (Loba Chemie, India). de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe medium (MRS; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l -cysteine, except for L. plantarum. Brain heart infusion (BHI; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) was supplemented with 0.5 g/liter of l -cysteine and 0.01 g/liter of hemin. All incubations were performed at 37°C for 24 to 48 h in an anaerobic jar (Anaerocult; Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with anaerobic packs (GasPak EM; Becton, Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ).
L cysteine
Manufactured by Loba Chemie
Sourced in India
L-cysteine is an amino acid that serves as a building block for proteins. It is a white crystalline powder with a characteristic odor. L-cysteine is commonly used in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Cetrimide, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Citric acid anhydrous, by Loba Chemie (2 mentions)
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
L cysteine, by BD (1 mentions)
Anaerocult, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gaspak em, by BD (1 mentions)
Luria bertani medium lb, by BD (1 mentions)
Reinforced clostridium medium rcm, by BD (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycine, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Alloxan, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malt extract, by Loba Chemie (1 mentions)
Reduced l gsh, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 protocols using l cysteine
1
Anaerobic Cultivation of Bacterial Strains
2
Isolation and Preservation of Gut Bacteria
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Fecal samples were collected from different healthy people aged up to 60 years old. The study protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (Egypt) no. PM-101-AH and written informed consent was obtained. The samples were suspended in phosphate buffer and stored at—40°C. Serial dilutions of each fecal sample were incubated anaerobically using the anaerobic jar and the anaerobic AnaeroGen (Oxoid Basingstoke, UK) at 37°C on (MRS) agar (Laboratories Conda S.A., Madrid, Spain) plates containing 0.05% w/v L. cysteine (Loba Chemie, Mumbai, India). After 48 hours of incubation single colonies were picked from each plate and examined by gram staining and catalase test before storage in 40% glycerol at -40°C [23 (link)].
3
Synthesis of Molybdenum-Cysteine Complex
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Sodium molybdate dihydrate (Na2MoO4·2H2O) ACS grade and potassium hydroxide (KOH) AR grade were purchased from Merck Life Science Pvt. Ltd. l -Cysteine, paraffin wax, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Lobachemie Pvt. Ltd. Ethanol was purchased from Changshu Pvt. Ltd., and mango leaves were collected on the Institute premises.
4
Nitazoxanide Quantification in Pharmaceuticals
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Nitazoxanide (NTX) was supplied by Alandalous medical company, Egypt. Its purity was certified to be (99.7 ± 0.72%). Anhydrous citric acid (99.9%) and l-cysteine (98%) were purchased from Loba—Chemie (Mumbai, India). Analytical reagent grade of boric acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol and acetonitrile were obtained from El-Nasr chemical company, Cairo, Egypt. Surface active agents, cetrimide, Tween 80 and sodium dodecyl sulfate were supplied from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. Plasma samples were kindly supplied from El-Shatby University Hospital, Blood Bank, Alexandria, Egypt, and were stored frozen until use. Fresh deionized water was used throughout the work. Pharmaceutical preparations involved in this study are Nanazoxid® oral suspension labeled to contain 100 mg NTX/5 mL and Nanazoxid® film coated tablets labelled to contain 500 mg NTX (Utopia Company for Pharmaceuticals Industry, Cairo, Egypt).
5
Analytical Characterization of NFX Drug Compounds
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NFX (purity% = 99.8 ± 0.82%) was kindly provided by Amoun Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt. The whole study was conducted using analytical-grade reagents. Disodium hydrogen phosphate, boric acid, sodium hydroxide, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, dimethyl sulphoxide, methanol, acetone, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and acetonitrile were purchased from El-Nasr Chemical Company, Cairo, Egypt. Anhydrous citric acid (purity% = 99.9%), and l -cysteine (purity% = 98%) were purchased from Loba Chemie (Mumbai, India). Surface active agents including Tween, cetrimide, and sodium dodecyl sulfate were brought from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. Commercial pharmaceutical dosage forms, namely, Antinal® oral suspension (labeled to contain 220 mg NFX/5 mL) and Antinal® capsules (labelled to contain 200 mg NFX), (products of Amoun Pharmaceutical Company, Cairo, Egypt), were bought from a local pharmacy. Fresh deionized water was utilized as the diluting solvent throughout the entire work.
6
Antioxidant and Diabetic Assays
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Reduced L-GSH and Alloxan were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). Dibasic sodium phosphate and glucose were obtained from ADWIC (CAIRO, Egypt). Yeast extract, agar-agar and peptone were obtained from SAS chemical Co., (MUMBAI, India) . Malt extract, Glycine, L-Cysteine and L-Glutamic acid were bought from LOBA Chemie (MUMBAI, India). All solutions were prepared using deionized distilled water.
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