Butylated hydroxytoluene bht

Mature bog bilberry was harvested from the Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau in Great Xing’an Mountains of Heilongjiang Province (northeast of China) in May 2018, and authenticated by Prof. Baojiang Zheng from the College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, China. The voucher specimen was deposited in the herbarium of Northeast Forestry University. The fruit marc was obtained after squeezing the berries, and the marc was stored at −4 °C before starting the extraction. The reference substances cyanidin-3-O-d-glucoside, hyperin, isoquercitrin, myricetin, and quercetin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, potassium chloride, and sodium acetate were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). The synthetic antioxidants tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). Acetonitrile, methanol, formic acid, and phosphoric acid of chromatographic grade were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Shanghai, China). Ultrapure water was acquired from a Milli-Q purification apparatus (Bedford, MA, USA). All fluid samples were filtered through a 0.45 μm nylon filter membrane before HPLC analysis.

Star anise fruits and black pepper fruits were bought from Jiangda South Road Vegetable Market, Nanchang City, China. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄), potassium dichromate (K₂Cr₂O₇), sulfonic type solid acid, potassium permanganate (KMnO₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl), ethanol absolute, hydrogen peroxide solution (30 wt. % in H₂O, H₂O₂), Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃), methanol, sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), hexane, formaldehyde, thionyl chloride (SOCl₂), ethyl acetate, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), acetone, diethyl ether, potassium hydroxide (KOH), benzene, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
The microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 33591) (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 19615), Escherichia coli (ATCC 9637), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 14028) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) were purchased from Jinuo Biomedical Technology Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China).
MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and C6 cells were bought from Cell Bank of Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China).