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4 protocols using d isoascorbic acid

1

Antimicrobial Agents and Food Preservation

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Sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, 4-chloro-3,5-dimethylphenol, McLean Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; terbium chloride(TbCl3), Nycodenz, tea polyphenols (catechin content accounted for 41.31%, epicatechin content accounted for 19.72%, quercetin content accounted for 3.71%, and gallic acid content accounted for 4.75%), Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; nisin, nitrite, potassium sorbate, D-isoascorbic acid, sodium diacetate, ԑ-polylysine hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich Trading Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; tryptose Sulfite cycloserine Agar Base (TSC), thioglycollate medium (FTG), Hi-tech Industrial Park Haibo Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shandong, China; whey protein fermentation powder, yinong biology science and technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China; Other reagents such as glutaraldehyde, silver nitrate standard solution and hydrogen peroxide solution are analytically pure in China.
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2

Synthesis of Stimuli-Responsive Protein-Polymer Conjugates

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O-[2-(3-Mercaptopropionylamino)ethyl]-O′-methylpolyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) of molecular weight 5000 Da, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), N-N′-Methylene-bisacrylamide (BIS), Acrylic acid (AAc), potassium persulfate (KPS), Didecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB, 98%), Chloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O, 99.999%), d-(−)-Isoascorbic acid (AsA, 98%), Sodium borohydride (NaBH4, ≥96%), and Cytochrome C (Cyt C) samples were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich® (Schnelldorf, Germany). Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB, 99%+) and Sodium citrate dihydrate (Na-citrate, ACS grade) were obtained from Acros Organics® (Geel, Belgium) and Merck® (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. Oleic acid (OA, 90%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). All the chemicals were used as received without any further purification or modification. All solutions were prepared using distilled de-ionized water (MQ-water), having a resistivity ~18.2 MΩ/cm at 25 OC, taken from Simplicity® Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany ) water purification system.
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3

Quantitative HPLC Analysis of Ascorbic Acid

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The HPLC system used for the AA detection was as follows: HPLC liquid chromatograph pump, UV/VIS detector, column oven, auto sampler, degassing unit, and communications bus module (all Shimadzu) with HPLC column XBridge Amide 3.5 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm (Waters) and Guard column XBridge Amide 3.5 μm, 4.6 × 20 mm (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). The UV detection was at 255 nm wavelength. The mobile phase contained 85% acetonitrile and 15% water with 10 mM NH4Ac pH 7. The flow rate was 1 mL/min, the pressure 63 bar, the temperature of column oven 25 °C, the temperature of the auto sampler was 19 °C, and the injection volume was 20 μL. The concentration of vitamin C in the sample was specified using a calibration curve prepared beforehand using known concentrations of AA (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and D-(-) Isoascorbic acid (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA).
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4

Preparing Vitamin C and Arsenic Trioxide Solutions

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The Ascorbic Acid (VC, catalogue #A7506), d-(-) isoAscorbic Acid (D-VC, catalogue #856061), and Arsenic Trioxide (ATO, catalogue #A1010) used in our study was obtained from Sigma. To prepare 340 mM stock solution of VC, 30 g of D-VC was dissolved in sterile 400 ml PBS solution following the addition of 39 g of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3, catalogue #S5761). The solution was constantly stirred for another 5 minutes. Sodium bicarbonate was used as a buffer to bring the acidic (2.3) pH of VC up to physiological levels (pH 7.35) for injection into laboratory animals. The final D-VC solution was adjusted to 500 ml by adding PBS. The D-VC solution was filtered, aliquoted, and kept in a -20°C refrigerator to ensure that the drug was as pure and effective as possible. The stock solution of 330 mM ATO was prepared by mixing and dissolving 13 g of ATO in 1 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Then, the total volume of ATO was adjusted to 200 ml. The final solution was filtered and stored in a -20°C refrigerator.
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