An optical fiber (numerical aperture 0.39, Thorlabs) was inserted through the guide cannula. Blue (470 nm) and yellow (575 nm) light were generated using a SPECTRA 2-LCR-XA light engine (Lumencor). The blue and yellow light power intensities at the tip of the optical fiber were 1–2 and 3–4 mW, respectively. Using EEG and EMG monitoring, we illuminated 1 s of blue light to open the step-function-type opsin ChR2(C128S; Berndt et al., 2009 (link)) of D2-ChR2 or D1-ChR2(C128S) mice during the wake or NREM state lasting >10 s, respectively. In control trials, yellow light was used instead of blue light.
Spectra 2 lcr xa light engine
Manufactured by Lumencor
Sourced in United States
The SPECTRA 2-LCR-XA light engine is a multicolor solid-state light source designed for use in a variety of laboratory applications. It features a compact design and provides precise control over light output across the visible spectrum.
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3 protocols using spectra 2 lcr xa light engine
1
Optogenetic Modulation of Neural Activity
2
Optogenetic Manipulation of D1 and D2 Neurons
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For optogenetic activation, blue and yellow light (0.1 s duration, respectively) was used to open and close the step‐function opsin ChR2(C128S).44 Six D1‐ChR2 mice were subjected to the FR5 task under optogenetic activation. In the control trials, yellow light was used instead of blue light in the same six D1‐ChR2 mice. Five D2‐ArchT mice were subjected to the FR5 task under optogenetic suppression. For optogenetic inhibition, a 0.2 s duration of yellow (inhibition) light was used in D2‐ArchT mice. In control sessions, blue light was used in the same five D2‐ArchT mice. Optogenetic manipulation was applied to the mice after they had completed 50 trials per FR5 session and experienced the FR5 task seven times. The manipulation (stimulation and control, counterbalanced) was conducted four times.
Optical fibers (NA 0.39; Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA) were inserted bilaterally through the guide cannulae. Yellow (575 nm) and blue (475 nm) light were generated by a Spectra 2‐LCR‐XA light engine (Lumencor, Beaverton, OR, USA). The yellow and blue light power intensities at the tip of the optical fiber were 3–4 and 2–3 mW, respectively. The TTL pulses generated by MED‐PC (Med Associates, Fairfax, VT, USA) controlled the light.
Optical fibers (NA 0.39; Thorlabs, Newton, NJ, USA) were inserted bilaterally through the guide cannulae. Yellow (575 nm) and blue (475 nm) light were generated by a Spectra 2‐LCR‐XA light engine (Lumencor, Beaverton, OR, USA). The yellow and blue light power intensities at the tip of the optical fiber were 3–4 and 2–3 mW, respectively. The TTL pulses generated by MED‐PC (Med Associates, Fairfax, VT, USA) controlled the light.
3
Optogenetic Manipulation of Serotonergic Nuclei
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Surgical Procedure Mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and fixed in a stereotaxic frame (Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). For light applications to the DRN or MRN, an optic fiber with a mirror tip at 45 (MA45; Doric Lenses, Quebec, Canada) was implanted with coordinates 4.5 mm posterior to the bregma, 1.0 mm lateral to the midline, and 2.3 (DRN) or 3.7 (MRN) mm ventral to the dura. 38 After surgery, ointments containing antibiotics and steroids (Dolmycin, Zeria Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan; Kenalog, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY, USA) were applied to the wounds. A piece of jelly containing carprofen (MediGel, Clear H 2 O, Portland, ME, USA) was placed in the home cage, and the mice were housed individually and allowed to recover for 7 days prior to behavioral experiments.
In Vivo Light Illumination Procedure For light applications to the DRN or MRN, yellow (575 nm) light was generated by a SPECTRA 2-LCR-XA light engine (Lumencor, Beaverton, OR, USA), and the light intensity at the fiber tip was approximately 1 mW/mm 2 . A fiber-optic rotary joint (Doric Lenses, Quebec, Canada) was used for unrestricted in vivo illumination. The light was controlled via TTL pulses driven by a stimulator (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan).
In Vivo Light Illumination Procedure For light applications to the DRN or MRN, yellow (575 nm) light was generated by a SPECTRA 2-LCR-XA light engine (Lumencor, Beaverton, OR, USA), and the light intensity at the fiber tip was approximately 1 mW/mm 2 . A fiber-optic rotary joint (Doric Lenses, Quebec, Canada) was used for unrestricted in vivo illumination. The light was controlled via TTL pulses driven by a stimulator (Nihon Kohden, Tokyo, Japan).
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