For all fibers used in this project, the TPE jackets at the back end were peeled off for connection. The fiber ends were first inserted into fiber optical ferrules and sealed using phenyl salicylate. To obtain a flat surface for light coupling, the ferrule top parts were polished by optical polishing papers with roughness from 30um to 1um. Then, the electrodes embedded inside the fibers were exposed via a razor blade for electrical connection. Silver paint (SPI Supplies) was applied to the exposed sites individually, followed by wrapped copper wires and another layer of Silver paint. The connected copper wires were soldered to the pin connectors (Sullins Connector Solutions) for further connection to electrical stimulators or signal recording setup. Similarly, the microfluidic channels inside the fibers were exposed manually via a razor blade and the fibers were inserted into ethylene-vinyl acetate tubing (0.5 mm inner diameter) with the assistance of a needle. The fibers were placed perpendicular to the tubing and the exposed sites were inside channels of the tubing. Epoxy (LOCTITE) was applied to the edge between fiber and tubing to prevent leakage. Finally, another layer of epoxy was applied to all the electrical and optical connection parts for further fixation.
Silver paint
Manufactured by SPI Supplies
Sourced in United States
Silver paint is a specialized coating designed for various laboratory and industrial applications. It provides a reflective metallic finish that can be used to enhance the appearance or functionality of equipment, surfaces, or materials. The paint is formulated to adhere to a range of substrates and offers protection against corrosion and weathering.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
6 protocols using silver paint
1
Multimodal Optical-Electrical Fiber Integration
2
SEM Imaging of Aminated, Carboxylated Nanoparticles
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The 50–5000 nm aminated, carboxylated and NF particles were imaged using a scanning electron microscope to determine their sizes in the absence of an aqueous dispersion media. Round glass coverslips 12 mm diameter (Assistent, Germany) were cleaned with ethanol and attached to cylindrical aluminum mounts (Ted Pella Inc., Redding, California, USA) with silver paint (SPI Supplies, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA). Using a glass pipette, a drop of the sterilized particles was deposited on each mounted coverslip, placed in a covered container, and allowed to air-dry at RT. Mounted dried samples were coated with a conductive layer of carbon in a high-vacuum evaporative coater (Cressington 208c, Ted Pella Inc., Redding, California, USA). Images were obtained with a JEOL JSM-7600F scanning electron microscope (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, Massachusetts) operating at 2 kV.
3
Ultrastructural Analysis of Leaf Pathogen Interaction
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Electron microscopy was performed on leaves collected from WT Bowman and nec3-γ1 mutant seedlings at 12 hpi with B. sorokiniana isolate ND85F. The leaves were collected and cut into squares with a razor blade, fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in sodium phosphate buffer (Tousimis, Rockville, Maryland USA) and stored at 4°C overnight. The sectioned leaf samples were rinsed with distilled water followed by rinsing with sodium phosphate buffer 1M solution at 7.4 pH and then dehydrated using eight washes of a graded alcohol series from 30% to 100% ethanol with incremental concentrations increased by 10% for each wash. The leaf samples were critical-point dried using an Autosamdri-810 critical point drier (Tousimis, Rockville, Maryland USA) with liquid carbon dioxide as the transitional fluid. The dried leaf samples were attached to aluminum mounts with silver paint (SPI Supplies, West Chester, Pennsylvania USA) and sputter-coated with gold (Cressington sputter coater Redding, California USA). Images were obtained using a JEOL JSM-6490LV scanning electron microscope operating at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV.
4
Multifunctional Fiber for LAPS Recordings
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In addition to the newly developed multifunctional fiber, a fiber with a ring of tin electrodes and a hollow core (S3 Fig ) was also used to combine with the LAPS. Similarly, the LAPS chip was connected to the tip of the fiber via silver paint (SPI supplies, Inc.). Then, an optical fiber was inserted into the central hollow core for light delivery to the LAPS while the electrodes led out the photocurrent. This device was further evaluated for proof-of-principle electrophysiological recordings.
5
SEM Imaging of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluids
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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging was performed on some of the allantoic and amniotic fluid samples that had greatest DNA concentrations. The SEM imaging was carried out by the NDSU Electron Microscopy Center core facility. Allantoic and amniotic fluids (4 ml) were centrifuged for 10 min at 14,000 × g to produce a pellet, then the pellet was resuspended in deionized water. This process was repeated twice to remove buffer salts. Pelleted material was then applied to round glass coverslips affixed to aluminum mounts with silver paint (SPI Supplies, West Chester, PA, United States), air dried, and sputter coated with carbon (Cressington 208c, Ted Pella Inc., Redding, CA, United States). Images were obtained using a JEOL JSM-7600F scanning electron microscope at an accelerating voltage of 2 kV or a JEOL JSM-6490LV scanning electron microscopy at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV (JEOL USA Inc., Peabody, MA, United States).
6
Multifunctional Fiber-Optic Sensor Fabrication
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The LAPS chip was connected to the tip of the multifunctional fiber with silver paint (SPI supplies, Inc.). The exposed edges of the LAPS chip were then covered with medical epoxy (McMaster-Carr). At the backend of the fiber, the electrode was exposed from the fiber side by removing the polymer cladding with a surgical scalpel under a microscope and connected to a copper wire using silver paint. The free end of the copper wire was soldered to a pin connector. An optical ferrule 6.5-mm-long, with a 2.5-mm-outer-diameter and 1-mm-inner-diameter was connected to the fiber with optical epoxy (Thorlabs) and cured overnight. The ferrule end was polished with a Thorlabs fiber polishing kit to achieve optimal optical coupling (Fig 4a ).
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