In 5 women and 39 men, aged 54–83 years, superficial mucosa specimens were collected preoperatively and SCC was histologically confirmed. Rigid endoscopy, flexible video-endoscopy (video processor with integrated LED light source, model CV-170 with HD, ENF-VH, Olympus Corp, Tokyo, Japan) with (WL), NBI and a preoperative computer tomography scans were used to assess the larynx. Patients were classified as follows: 14/44 (31.8%) had T1a, 3/44 (6.8%) T1b, 27/44 (61.4%) had T2 cancer; all were staged N0 and M0.
Enf vh
Manufactured by Olympus
Sourced in Japan
The ENF-VH is a flexible video nasopharyngoscope designed for diagnostic procedures. It features a slim, flexible insertion tube and a high-resolution video chip for clear visualization of the nasal and pharyngeal anatomy.
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Lab products found in correlation
6 protocols using enf vh
1
Laryngeal Cancer Staging Protocol
2
Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing
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All patients underwent FEES. Equipment consisted of a 3.9‐mm‐diameter (ENF‐VH, Olympus, Shinjuku, Japan) or 3.5‐mm‐diameter (Storz 11101 RP2, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) flexible fiberoptic rhinolaryngoscope with a video processor (CV‐170, Olympus, Shinjuku, Japan), and processing software (rpSzene 10.7 g on Panel‐PC‐226/227, Rehder/Partner, Hamburg, Germany), or a 2.9‐mm‐diameter flexible fiberoptic rhinolaryngoscope (CMOS, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) with a portable video processor (CMAC, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany) linked to a 19" flat screen monitor (9519NB, Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany). FEES was performed as previously described.14
3
Canine Laryngeal Vibration Analysis
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Two months after transplantation, the five experimental animals and three controls were euthanized by intravenous injection of pentobarbitone solution (100 mg/kg), and the larynges were removed. Vocal fold vibrations caused by blowing air through the trachea were observed using laryngostroboscopy (Fig 3 ). Glottal closure was achieved by suturing the bilateral cartilaginous portion of the vocal folds of the removed canine larynges. A contact microphone was attached firmly to the excised larynges and connected to the laryngostroboscope (LS-3A, Nagashima). Experimental phonation was artificially induced by blowing air (50–400 ml/sec) through the trachea. The upper surfaces of the vocal folds were illuminated by a stroboscopic light from the laryngostroboscope though a flexible endoscope (ENF-VH, Olympus). Vocal fold vibrations were recorded by a video processor (OTV-S190, Olympus).
The removed larynges were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Coronal whole laryngeal sections were made at a thickness of 10 μm. At the middle of the membranous portion of the vocal fold, histological examinations were performed using H&E, Elastic Van Gieson (EVG), and immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibodies.
The removed larynges were then fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde. Coronal whole laryngeal sections were made at a thickness of 10 μm. At the middle of the membranous portion of the vocal fold, histological examinations were performed using H&E, Elastic Van Gieson (EVG), and immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytokeratin and anti-vimentin antibodies.
4
Quantifying Airway Patency via Nasal Endoscopy
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A single investigator (PJK) with extensive experience performed all of the nasal fiberoptic videoendoscopy examinations to assure consistency. Topical local anesthesia (consisting of 4% lidocaine mixed with phenylephrine (200 mcgs)) was applied into the right nares and upper oropharynx using an atomizer with the patient in sitting position. A fiberoptic videoendoscope (Olympus ENF-VH, Tokyo, Japan) was then gently passed through the right nares into the nasopharynx. As the endoscope was advanced, the patency of the retropalatal and retrolingual lumens was graded as “fully open”, “partially narrowed”, “very narrowed”, or “closed” (Figure 1 ). A scale of 1 through 4 was used to quantify these corresponding grades for statistical analysis. The endoscopist also rendered a prediction about the relative severity of OSA based on each patient’s airway examination.
5
Laryngoscopic Examination of Vocal Responses
6
Endoscope Cleaning and Disinfection Protocol
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Rigid endoscopes including 0°, 45°, and 70° endoscopes (KARL STORZ, Germany), and flexible endoscope (ENF-VH, Olympus, Japan) were cleaned in advance before operation. The endoscopes were scrubbed with 3 M endoscope special all-around powerful cleaning solution, disinfected with 0.55% ortho-phthalaldehyde, and dried with 75–95% ethanol. This method refers to the health industry standard of the People's Republic of China, "Regulation for cleaning and disinfection technique of flexible endoscope”, WS 507-2016, which was published on June 1, 2017.
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