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4 protocols using dnase 1

1

COS7 Transfection and Cortical Neuron Experiments

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COS7 cell transfection experiments were performed with Lipofectamine 2000 (Life Technologies Carlsbad, CA). Primary cultured mouse cortical neurons were prepared essentially as described44 (link). Briefly, cerebral cortices of ICR mouse embryos at E14.0 were microdissected and treated with DNaseI and Papain (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan). Then, plasmids were transfected into the primary cortical cells by NEPA21 (NEPAGENE, Chiba, Japan). SDS-PAGE (10% gel) and western blotting were performed as described45 (link). For all western blots, uncropped blot data were provided in Supplementary Information. Immunofluorescence analyses were carried out as described46 (link). Alexa Fluor 488- or 568-labeled IgG (Life Technologies) was used as a secondary antibody. Fluorescent images were captured with FV-1000 confocal laser microscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan).
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2

Isolation of Bacterial Genomic DNA from L929 Cells

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The bacterial cells were inoculated to L929 cells and incubated in Eagle’s minimal essential medium (Nissui, Japan) containing 1% fetal bovine serum and 2 mM L-glutamine at 34°C for 7–10 days as previously described (Fujita, 2008 ). After centrifugation at 800 rpm for 5 min to remove L929 cell debris, the supernatants were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 10 min to recover bacterial cells. The obtained pellets were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2). The cell suspensions were treated with DNase I (Takara Bio, Japan; 2,000 U/ml at a final concentration) for 1 h at 37°C to digest cell-free DNA. DNase I was inactivated by incubation at 65°C for 5 min, and EDTA (Nacalai Tesque, Japan) was added to the solutions at a final concentration of 2 mM. Bacterial genomic DNA was extracted using the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit (Qiagen, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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3

Radioimmunoprecipitation Assay (RIPA) Protocol

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Radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer, DNase I, and RNase A were purchased from Nacalai Tesque. Nuclease P1 was obtained from Yamasa (Japan). Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), skim milk, o-phenylenediamine, and hydrogen peroxide were obtained from Wako Pure Chemical Industries. Proteinase K was purchased from Merck Millipore. Sheared salmon sperm DNA was obtained from BioDynamics Laboratory. RNA from baker’s yeast was purchased from Worthington Biochemical.
PARantibody(10H, IgG3 kappa)secreted fromhybridoma cellswas purified using a ProteinA SepharoseFast Flowcolumn (GE Healthcare) [32 (link)]. Anti-PAR polyclonal antibody was produced in a rabbit by injecting PAR mixed with methylated bovine serum albumin and was purified with a Protein A Sepharose Fast Flow column [33 (link)]. Goat anti-rabbit IgG (H&L) conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was obtained from Rockland Immunochemicals. Mouse monoclonal anti-tubulin antibody was purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Mouse monoclonal anti-human PARP1 antibody (F2) and HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibody and goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibody were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.
PAR was prepared and purified as described previously [34 (link)], but commercially available PAR (Trevigen) showed similar immunoreactivity and was also used in these experiments.
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4

Prophage Induction and DNA Isolation

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Bacterial cells were grown overnight to the stationary phase at 37°C in lysogeny broth (LB) medium. For prophage induction, cells were grown to the late log phase (0.7–0.9 OD600), and MMC was added to the culture to a final concentration of 1 μg/ml. After a 3-hr incubation, aliquots of the culture were isolated, and the cells were collected by centrifugation. Total cellular DNA was extracted from the cells using the alkaline-boiling method and used for PCR analyses. Phage particles were isolated from the culture supernatant after a 3-hr incubation with MMC. The culture was first treated with chloroform, and bacterial cell debris was removed by centrifugation. The supernatant was filtered through a 0.2-μm-pore-size filter (Millipore) and incubated with DNase I (final concentration: 400 U/ml, TaKaRa) and RNase A (50 μg/ml, Sigma) at 37°C for 1 hr. After inactivating DNase I by incubation at 75°C for 10 min and adding EDTA (5 mM, Nacalai Tesque), the sample was treated with proteinase K (100 μg/ml; Wako) and used as packaged phage DNA. Total cellular DNA and packaged phage DNA from MMC-untreated cultures were prepared with the same protocol. The primers used in these analyses are listed in S6 Table.
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