Phosphate buffered saline (pbs)

Manufactured by GE Healthcare

Sourced in United States, Austria, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Switzerland

The PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline) product is a commonly used buffer solution in a variety of laboratory applications. It maintains a stable pH and osmolarity, ensuring a consistent environment for various biological samples and experiments.

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Lab products found in correlation

Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (10 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by GE Healthcare (9 mentions) Trypsin, by GE Healthcare (7 mentions) Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (7 mentions) Penicillin, by GE Healthcare (7 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (6 mentions) Acetic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (6 mentions) Ammonium hydroxide, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Trizol reagent, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions) Water purification system, by Merck Group (5 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) Streptomycin, by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) L glutamine, by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) Trypsin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (5 mentions) Trypsin edta, by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) Fetal calf serum (fcs), by GE Healthcare (5 mentions) Lipofectamine 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions) Rpmi 1640 medium, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions) Dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem, by GE Healthcare (3 mentions) Facsdiva software, by BD (3 mentions)

140 protocols using phosphate buffered saline (pbs)

Cytokine Assay and Ex vivo Transplantation of KMT2A-MLLT3 Leukemic Cells

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For the cytokine assay, established mouse KMT2A-MLLT3 + Empty-GFP leukemic cells were washed once in cold PBS (GE Healthcare Life Sciences), resuspended in C10 medium supplemented with 25 ng/ml mSCF (Peprotech) and plated in 100 µl at a density of 50,000 cells per well in a 96-well U-bottom plate and 5 µl recombinant human MIF (Peprotech) was added at a final concentration of 100 or 500 ng/ml, and PBS (GE Healthcare Life Sciences) was used as control. Cells were counted on day 6 after seeding using CountBright beads (Life Technologies, Eugene, OR, USA) on a FACS Fortessa (BD). Data analysis was performed using the FlowJo software (FlowJo, LLC).
For the ex vivo transplantation assay, serially propagated dsRed⁺KMT2A-MLLT3 leukemia cells^{44 (link)} were used^{69 (link)}. Briefly, 5000 freshly isolated CD117⁺ quaternary transplant leukemia cells were treated ex vivo with or without 500 ng/ml MIF (Peprotech) in StemSpan™ SFEM (Stemcell Technologies) for 3 days before transplantation into sublethally irradiated (600 cGy) recipients. Blood sampling was performed 3 weeks post transplantation and at disease manifestation, BM cells from femurs and tibias were collected, and the percentage of dsRed⁺ leukemia cells were determined using flow cytometry.

Hyrenius-Wittsten A., Pilheden M., Sturesson H., Hansson J., Walsh M.P., Song G., Kazi J.U., Liu J., Ramakrishan R., Garcia-Ruiz C., Nance S., Gupta P., Zhang J., Rönnstrand L., Hultquist A., Downing J.R., Lindkvist-Petersson K., Paulsson K., Järås M., Gruber T.A., Ma J, & Hagström-Andersson A.K. (2018). De novo activating mutations drive clonal evolution and enhance clonal fitness in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia. Nature Communications, 9, 1770.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of UTP6 Expression in LARC

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The protein expression of UTP6 in specimens obtained before and after CRT in 125 LARC patients was assessed using the immunohistochemical streptavidin-biotin complex method (Zhang et al., 2018 (link)). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used as the negative control and the image of the positive control from GE Healthcare Life Sciences. Immunoreactivity was scored by semi-quantitative analysis, and the fields were randomly selected in five directions (up, center, down, left, and right) under high magnification (^∗400). The color was determined based on the intensity score as follows: 0 (no staining), 1 (light yellow), 2 (brown), and 3 (deep brown). The percentage of positive cells was scored as 0 (<5%), 1 (5–25%), 2 (25–50%), 3 (50–75%), and 4 (>75%). The mean value was calculated for each case with the aforementioned scoring methods and the final score was obtained by multiplying these two scores. The score between 0 and 4 was defined as the low expression and >4 was defined as high expression. All analyses were performed in a double-blind manner.

Zhang Y., Gao Q., Wu Y., Peng Y., Zhuang J., Yang Y., Jiang W., Liu X, & Guan G. (2021). Hypermethylation and Downregulation of UTP6 Are Associated With Stemness Properties, Chemoradiotherapy Resistance, and Prognosis in Rectal Cancer: A Co-expression Network Analysis. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology, 9, 607782.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Hydrogels

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NIPAM, AgNO₃, NaOH, sodium dodecyl sulfate, and NaBH₄ were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA) and used after further purification through recrystallization. Ammonium persulfate (APS), N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (BIS), and N-(3-aminopropyl) methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMAAHC) were purchased from Polysciences (Warrington, PA, USA). Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium was purchased from Oxoid (Basingstoke, UK). E. coli (25922) and S. aureus (25923) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). DMEM containing glucose, phosphate-buffered saline, fetal bovine serum, penicillin G (pen; 10,000 U/mL), streptomycin (strep; 100 μg/mL), and amphotericin B (AmB; 25 μg/mL) were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences (Little Chalfont, UK). Human adipose tissue was obtained from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital under the guidelines of the Institutional Review Board at Chung-Ang University (Seoul, South Korea). MTT and DMSO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. Deionized water (DW) was used to prepare solutions and for washing. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.

Qasim M., Udomluck N., Chang J., Park H, & Kim K. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles encapsulated in poly-N-isopropylacrylamide-based polymeric nanoparticles. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 13, 235-249.

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Multiparametric Immunoassay Optimization

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The 96-well microtiter plates coated with streptavidin (SA plates, product #: 41-07TY), wash buffer (product #: 42-01TY), and RED assay buffer (product #: 42-02TY) were purchased from Kaivogen Oy (Turku, Finland). From R&D systems, we acquired the anti-integrin’s antibody and anti-tetraspanins’ antibody, e.g., anti-CD151 (Mab 1884). The anti-CD63 (H5C6 clone) antibody was purchased from BD Science (Vantaa, Finland). The plate washer (Delfia PlateWash 1296-026) and plate shaker (Delfia PlateWash 1296-026) were from Wallac Oy (Turku, Finland), and HIDEX™ fluorimeter was from HIDEX Oy (Turku, Finland). The reagents for cell line cultures were Gibco brand of Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) except for glutamine, which was Ultraglutamine from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland), and phosphate-buffered saline, which was from GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). The conventional CEA, CA125, and CA19-9 EIA kits were kindly provided by Fujirebio Diagnostics.

Vinod R., Mahran R., Routila E., Leivo J., Pettersson K, & Gidwani K. (2021). Nanoparticle-Aided Detection of Colorectal Cancer-Associated Glycoconjugates of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Serum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(19), 10329.

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Tumor Cell Lysis and Western Blot

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Tumor cells were collected, washed in cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Chicago, IL, USA), lysed in lysis buffer and western blot analysis was performed as previously described [40 (link)]. The antibodies used in the present study are listed in Table S2.

Zerdes I., Wallerius M., Sifakis E.G., Wallmann T., Betts S., Bartish M., Tsesmetzis N., Tobin N.P., Coucoravas C., Bergh J., Rassidakis G.Z., Rolny C, & Foukakis T. (2019). STAT3 Activity Promotes Programmed-Death Ligand 1 Expression and Suppresses Immune Responses in Breast Cancer. Cancers, 11(10), 1479.

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Quantitative Analysis of Antibiotics

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Standard compounds including CAP, ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), norfloxacin (NOR), azithromycin (AZM), cefuroxime (CXM), and cefoperazone (CFP) were purchased from the National Institute for Pharmaceutical and Biological Products of China (Beijing, China). The purity of all standard chemicals was >99.8%. The CAP antibody was purchased from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA). CAP succinate sodium was purchased from Efebio (Shanghai, China). High performance liquid chromatography-grade methanol was purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). CM5 chips, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), ethanolamine, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and HBS-EP buffer were provided by GE Healthcare (Chicago, IL, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with a purity of >99.5% was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Purified water was obtained using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Qi M., Lv D., Zhang Y., Wang D., Chen X., Zhu Z., Hong Z., Chai Y., Zhang H, & Cao Y. (2022). Development of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor for accurate and sensitive quantitation of small molecules in blood samples. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 12(6), 929-936.

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Quantification of Tumor Markers CA125 and CA15-3

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The 96‐well microtiter plates coated with streptavidin (SA plates, product #: 41‐07TY), assay wash buffer (product #: 42‐01TY), and RED assay buffer (product #: 42‐02TY) were purchased from Kaivogen Oy (Turku, Finland). From Fujirebio Diagnostics, we acquired the anti‐CA125 antibody Ov197 and anti‐CA15‐3 antibody Ma552 as well as the conventional assay kits for CA125 and CA15‐3. The anti‐CD63 antibody was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, Minnesota). The plate washer (Delfia PlateWash 1296–026), plate shaker (Delfia PlateWash 1296‐026), and VictorX4™ fluorimeter were from Wallac Oy (Turku, Finland). The reagents for cell line cultures were Gibco brand of Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Massachusetts) except for glutamine, which was Ultraglutamine from Lonza (Basel, Switzerland), and phosphate buffered saline which was from GE Healthcare (Chicago, Illinois).

Terävä J., Verhassel A., Botti O., Islam M.K., Leivo J., Wittfooth S., Härkönen P., Pettersson K, & Gidwani K. (2021). Primary breast cancer biomarkers based on glycosylation and extracellular vesicles detected from human serum. Cancer Reports, 5(8), e1540.

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Chondrocyte Culture and Characterization

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The ssDNA strands (Table 1) that were designed with our sequences were synthesized by Takara (Otsu, Japan). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin solution, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 0.25% (w/v) trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution, type II collagenase, and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) were obtained from GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (California, USA). Wogonin was obtained from Coolaber (China, Beijing). Tris-HCl, MgCl₂, bicinchoninic acid (BCA), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) were acquired from Bio-Rad (Hercules, CA). The culture vessels and culture plates were procured from Corning (NY, USA). Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes were acquired from Millipore (MA, USA). Antibodies (COL-II and AGC) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Phalloidin and DAPI were obtained from Cytoskeleton (Denver, USA). The 4% paraformaldehyde solution was acquired from Solarbio (Beijing, China). The SYBR® Green I polymerase chain reaction (PCR) master mix, RNeasy® Plus Mini Kit, and DNase I were obtained from Takara (Tokyo, Japan).

Sirong S., Yang C., Taoran T., Songhang L., Shiyu L., Yuxin Z., Xiaoru S., Tao Z., Yunfeng L, & Xiaoxiao C. (2020). Effects of tetrahedral framework nucleic acid/wogonin complexes on osteoarthritis. Bone Research, 8, 6.

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Cytotoxicity and Iron Metabolism Study of Scutellaria barbata

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Scutellaria barbata was obtained from The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI)-1640 (SH30022.01B), fetal bovine serum (FBS) (SH30087.01), penicillin (SH30010), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (SH30256.01B) were brought from GE™ Hyclone company (Logan, UT, USA). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) Cytotoxicity Colorimetric Assay kit (K311-400) was brought from BioVision Company (Milpitas, CA, USA). Iron ion colorimetric detection kit (E1042) was brought from Beijing Prilie Gene Technology Co. Ltd (Beijing, China). JC-1 kit (T-3168) and BODIPY™ 581/591 C11 probe (D3861) were brought from Life Technologies Corporation (Carlsbad, CA, USA). PrimeScript II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (D6210A) and SYBR Premix ExTaq II were brought from TaKaRa Company (Dalian, Liaoning, China). TRE-Trizol was brought from Invitrogen Company (Carlsbad, CA, USA). EdU (LM067) was brought from LMAIBio Company (Shanghai, China).

Li Y., Zhang J., Zhang K., Chen Y., Wang W., Chen H., Zou Z., Li Y, & Dai M. (2022). Scutellaria barbata Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tumorigenicity by Inducing Ferroptosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Frontiers in Oncology, 12, 693395.

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Immunohistochemical Analysis of KLK11 in mCRC

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The concentration of KLK11 protein in the paraffin–wax-embedded samples from 55 patients with mCRC was measured using the immunohistochemical streptavidin–biotin complex method.20 (link) Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was used for the negative control, and the image of the positive control was from GE Healthcare Life Sciences. The criteria21 (link) were used as follows: the percentage of positive cells for each of the sections and the color was determined on the basis of the intensity score. The intensity score as follows: 0), no staining; 1), light yellow staining; 2), brown staining; and 3), deep brown staining. Furthermore, the percentage of positive cells was scored as follows: 0, <5% stained cells; 1, 5%–25% stained cells; 2, 25%–50% stained cells; 3, 50%–75% stained cells; and 4, >75% stained cells. The mean value was calculated for each case with the aforementioned scoring methods and the final score was obtained by multiplying these two scores. The expression of KLK11 was qualitatively determined by the final score: 0, for negative (−); 1–3, for weakly positive (+); 4–7, for positive (++); and 8–12, for strongly positive (+++). All analyses were conducted in a double-blind manner.

Zhang Y., Xu Z., Sun Y., Chi P, & Lu X. (2018). Knockdown of KLK11 reverses oxaliplatin resistance by inhibiting proliferation and activating apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K/AKT signal pathway in colorectal cancer cell. OncoTargets and therapy, 11, 809-821.

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