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16 protocols using diethyl ether

1

Reagent Source and Purity Disclosure

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n-Hexane, glacial acetic acid, and chloroform were by VWR Chemicals BDH (Fontenay-souis-Bois, France). Isooctane and cyclohexane were from VWR Chemicals BDH (Leuven, Belgium). Diethyl ether was from Riedel de Haen (Honeywell, France). Starch and phenolphthalein were from PanReac AppliChem (Barcelona, Spain). Ethanol (99.8%) was from PanReac AppliChem (Darmstadt, Germany) and mEthanol from Panreac Applichem (Barcelona, Spain). Gallic acid monohydrate (> 99%, HPLC) was from Sigma-Aldrich (China). Sodium carbonate anhydrous and ethyl acetate were purchased from CHEMLAB (Zedelgem, Belgium). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) and DPPH from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). All other reagents used were of the appropriate purity from various suppliers.
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2

Carrot Bioactive Compound Extraction

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Fresh carrots (Daucus carota cv. Nerac) were purchased in a local shop in Belgium and stored at 4 °C.
Olive oil (extra virgin) was kindly donated by Vandemoortele (Ghent, Belgium). All chemicals and reagents were from Sigma Aldrich, except for NaCl, HCl, urea, anhydrous sodium sulphate and ethanol (from VWR); CaCl 2 .2H 2 0, KClhCZIBPBHhf-iFeNIq/" target="_blank">NH 4 Cl and MgCl 2 (from Merck); hexane, sulphuric acid and acetone (from Chem Lab); glucose and NaHCO 3 (from Fisher Scientific); heptane (from Fluka); KCl (from MP Biomedicals) and diethylether (from Riedel-De Haën). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade. The phosphatidylcholine Assay Kit is from Cayman Chemical Company.
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3

Characterization of Lipid Ingredients

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Corn and olive oil were bought from a local supermarket and stored at room temperature in dark conditions until use. Cocoa butter was kindly donated by Barry Callebaut AG (Zurich, Switzerland), while fully hydrogenated coconut oil was donated by Vandemoortele (Gent, Belgium) and were kept at 4˚C in the dark until use. In the case of lipids with high melting temperature, the solid fat content (SFC) profiles in percentage of lipids in solid state (%) at different temperatures determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is provided (supplementary material, Figure 1). The results for hydrogenated coconut oil were provided by the supplier while the results for cocoa butter were the ones reported by Geary & Hartel (2017) . Synthetic β-carotene was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (purity > 97.0 %). All other chemicals and reagents were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, except for NaCl, HCl, urea, anhydrous sodium sulphate and ethanol (from VWR); CaCl2.2H20, KClhCZIBPBHhf-iFeNIq/" target="_blank">NH4Cl and MgCl2 (from Merck); hexane, sulphuric acid and acetone (from Chem Lab); and NaHCO3 (from Fisher Scientific); heptane (from Fluka); KCl (from MP Biomedicals) and diethylether (from Riedel-De Haën). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
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4

Carrot Extraction and Characterization

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Carrots (Daucus carota cv. Nerac) were purchased from a local groceries store and stored at 4 °C until use. Corn oil was bought from a local supermarket. All chemicals and reagents were from Sigma Aldrich, except for NaCl, HCl, urea, anhydrous sodium sulphate and ethanol (from VWR); CaCl2.2H20, KClhCZIBPBHhf-iFeNIq/" target="_blank">NH4Cl and MgCl2 (from Merck); hexane, sulphuric acid and acetone (from Chem Lab); and NaHCO3 (from Fisher Scientific); heptane (from Fluka); KCl (from MP Biomedicals) and diethylether (from Riedel-De Haën). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
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5

Hop Variety Characterization Protocol

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Methanol (HPLC grade) was purchased from J. T. Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands); toluene, diethyl ether, phosphoric acid (85%) and hydrochloric acid (37%) were obtained from Honeywell (Charlotte, NC, USA); sodium hydroxide was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); international calibration extract 4 (ICE4) was obtained from Labor Veritas (Zürich, Switzerland). Hop material was supplied by Hmezad exim d.d., except for the Bobek cones, which were supplied by Farm Bosnar and the Styrian Wolf cones, which were supplied by Farm Bizjak, both located in the Savinja valley, Slovenia. Four different hop varieties (Celeia, Aurora, Bobek, and Styrian Wolf) were used in the experiment in the form of both cones and pellets, whereas Styrian Gold was used only in cone form and Savinjski Golding was used only as pellets. All used varieties were grown in Slovenia.
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6

Synthesis of Pt(II) Complexes with Bidentate Ligands

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Reagents were used as received unless otherwise specified. All solvents used were of analytical grade or higher and purchased from Labserv (Mandaluyong, Philippines), Chem-Supply (Gillman, SA, USA), or Merck Chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium tetrachloroplatinate (K2PtCl4) was purchased from Precious Metals Online. 2-phenylpyridine, benzo(h)quinoline, dibenzo(f,h)quinoline, (1S,2S)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane, and (1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, and methoxy-ethanol were obtained from Honeywell. Deuterated solvents d6-dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO-d6, 99.9%) and deuterium oxide (D2O, 99.9%) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA).
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7

Solvent Evaluation for Phytochemical Analysis

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The solvents Petrol ether and Diethyl ether were obtained from Honeywell Riedel–de Haen. Methanol, Tween 40, Potassium hexacyanoferrate, Trichloroaceticacid (TCA), Linoleic acid, and Sodium chloride were purchased from PanReac AppliChem. n-Butanol, Gallic acid, 2,2-Di-Phenyl-1-Picryl-Hydrazyl (DPPH), Ascorbic acid, β-Caroten, Quercetin, Aluminum chloride AlCl3, and Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent were all bought from SIGMA ALDRICH. Disodium hydrogen phosphate, Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and Ferric chloride were acquired from Fisher Scientific (S.A.). Ethanol was obtained from BIOSMART. Ethyl acetate and Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from LOBA Chemie. Sodium carbonate was acquired from HIMEDIA. The Muller-Hinton Agar and Potato Dextrose Agar mediums were purchased from Biokar Diagnostics (BK048 HA), France.
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8

Metabolite Profiling of Biological Samples

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The following reagents were acquired from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, Missouri, USA) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany): 3-phenylbutyric acid, methoxyamine hydrochloride (MOX-HCl), anhydrous sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), urease, glucose, 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-alanine, L-leucine, L-phenylalanine, L-tryptophan, L-tyrosine, ascorbic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, palmitic acid, arabinose, ribose, N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA) with 1% trimethylsilyl chloride (TMCS), and pyridine. Other chemicals used were acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, hydrogen chloride and diethyl ether from Burdick and Jackson brand (Honeywell International Inc., Muskegon, USA).
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9

Parasitic Ova Identification in Stool

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Stool samples were emulsified with saline (0.9% NaCl) into a homogenous mixture. One mL of the homogenate was poured into a centrifuge tube after which 4.0 mL of formol-saline reagent was added. The mixture was vortexed vigorously before another 3.0 mL of 10% formol-saline was added. The content was mixed and sieved through a nonabsorbent sieve (3- or 4-folds). Subsequently, 3 mL of diethyl ether (Honeywell, USA: bp: 34.6°C, mp: -116.3°C, mm: 74.12 g/mol) was added and vortexed vigorously. The content was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 2 minutes. Supernatant was discarded, and iodine-mixed deposits were examined at ×10 and ×40. Parasite ova were identified using characteristic shapes [16 (link)].
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10

Optimizing Extraction of DES and Oil Components

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For the preparation of
the DES, methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (≥98.0%), TEG (≥99.0%),
PA (≥99.0%), and ethanol (≥99.8%) were purchased from
Sigma-Aldrich. As for the oil model, n-heptane (≥99.0%),
toluene (≥99.5%), Th (≥99.0%), and quinoline (≥98.0%)
were all obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Diethyl ether (≥99.5%)
as a regeneration solvent was supplied by Honeywell. All chemicals
were used without further purification.
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