Gambogic acid (GA) and etoposide (VP16) were purchased from AvaChem Scientific. Oridonin (ORD) was obtained from Xi’an Xuhuang Bio-tech Co., Ltd. Triptolide (TPL) was purchased from A Chemtek Inc. Paclitaxel (PTX) was purchased from AK Scientific Inc. Ltd. Monomethoxyl terminated polyethylene glycol monoamine (MeO-PEG-NH2, MW: 5000 Da) was purchased from JenKem. (Fmoc)lys(Boc)-OH, (Boc)Lys(Boc)-OH, (Fmoc)Lys(Fmoc)-OH and (Fmoc)Ebes-COOH were purchased from AnaSpec Inc. A hydrophobic cyanine dye of DiI, and a hydrophobic near infrared fluorescence dye of 1,1’-dioctadecyl-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine perchlorate (DiD) were purchased from AAT Bioquest, Inc. CellTiter 96® AQueous MTS reagent powder was purchased from Promega. Cholic acid (CA), D-α-Tocopherol polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS, PEG1kVE), D-α-tocopherol succinate, diisopropyl carbodimide (DIC), N-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), and all other chemical reagents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Dialysis membrane with 3500 MW cut off was purchased from Spectrum Laboratories, Inc.
D α tocopherol succinate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
D-α-Tocopherol succinate is a chemical compound that serves as a form of vitamin E. It is a yellowish, oily liquid that is used in various laboratory applications as a standard or reference material.
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Lab products found in correlation
Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (3 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin solution, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
Fmoc lys boc oh, by AnaSpec (1 mentions)
Fmoc lys fmoc oh, by AnaSpec (1 mentions)
Celltiter 96 aqueous mts reagent powder, by Promega (1 mentions)
Cholic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hydroxybenzotriazole hobt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Paclitaxel, by AK Scientific (1 mentions)
Lysotracker, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Triphosgene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Camptothecin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
D alpha tocopherol, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (1 mentions)
Bis 2 hydroxyethyl disulfide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
N n dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Trypsin edta solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium dmem, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methacrylic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide d6, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
7 protocols using d α tocopherol succinate
1
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Formulation
2
Synthesis and Evaluation of D-α-Tocopherol Succinate
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer-Based Formulations
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Triethylamine (TEA), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), N,N-dimethyl-formamide (DMF), d -α-tocopherol succinate, methacrylic anhydride (MA), pyrene, diethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethylsulfoxide-d6 (DMSO-d6), Methanol HPLC grade, beclomethasone dipropionate (BDP) and inulin from Dahlia tuber (INU, Mw ~5000 Da) were from Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy) and used without further purification. N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide sodium salt and curcumin (CUR) were from TCI (Zentek S.R.L, Milan, Italy). Dialysis membrane MWCO 3500 Da were from Spectrum Labs (VWR international, Milan, Italy). The used water was from a Milli-Q gradient A-10 system (18.2 MΩ cm, organic carbon content ≤4 μg/L) (Merck-Millipore, Milan, Italy).
4
Measurement of Mitochondrial Function
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Standard chemicals, 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA; #T27006 ), rotenone (#R8875), sodium azide BioXtra (#S8032), antimycin A (#A8674), dimethyl malonate (#04011), d -α tocopherol succinate (#T3126), 2,6-dichloroindophenol sodium salt hydrate (DCPIP; #D1878), phenazine methosulphate (PMS; #P9625), MTT (#M5655), acetyl CoA (#A2181), 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB; #D218200), bovine serum albumin (#A6003), doxycycline hyclate (#D9891), 3-Nitropropionic acid (#N5636) and oxaloacetic acid (#O4126) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoro-methoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP; #BML-CM120-0010) was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences. Venetoclax (#2253-1) and IACS-010759 (#B2231-1) were purchased from Biovision Inc. Potassium phosphate monobasic (KH2PO4; #BP362-500) and ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA; #BP118-500) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Decylubiquinone was purchased from Abcam (#ab145233). Oligomycin was purchased from Merck Millipore (#495455). Triton X-100 (0694) was purchased from Amresco. Polybrene (#TR-1003-G) was purchased from Millipore. Puromycin (#631306) was purchased from Clontech.
5
Synthesis and Evaluation of Vitamin E Conjugates
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d -α-Tocopherol, succinate, PEG (MW 400, 1500 and 300 Da), triethylamine (TEA), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). BBR was obtained from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Trypsin-EDTA (0.25%), cell culture media, penicillin/streptomycin and FBS were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). All other reagents were of analytical grade. All water used in the study was freshly double distilled.
3T3-L1, HepG2 and Caco2 cell lines were obtained from the Cell Resource Center, Peking Union Medical College (head quarter of National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource, NSTI, Beijing, China).
Male Apoe(−/−) mice (6 weeks, 20–22 g) were purchased from Charles River (Beijing, China). The in vivo study was approved by the Laboratories’ Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China), and the research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and ethics of the Chinese Council on Animal Care (project identification code 00005970).
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3T3-L1, HepG2 and Caco2 cell lines were obtained from the Cell Resource Center, Peking Union Medical College (head quarter of National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource, NSTI, Beijing, China).
Male Apoe(−/−) mice (6 weeks, 20–22 g) were purchased from Charles River (Beijing, China). The in vivo study was approved by the Laboratories’ Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (Beijing, China), and the research was conducted in accordance with the guidelines and ethics of the Chinese Council on Animal Care (project identification code 00005970).
6
Glatiramer Acetate Nanoparticle Formulation
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Glatiramer acetate (GA) was purchased from Tofigh Daru Company (Iran). Resomer® Poly(D,L,-latide-co-glycolide) RG 502, RG 503, RG 502H, Complete Freund’s adjuvant, D-α-Tocopherol succinate, Pertussis toxin ( PTX) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Germany). Partially hydrolyzed Polyvinyl alcohol (MW 30 k, 70 k), methylene chloride and tween 80® were prepared from Merck (Germany). Chitosan (≥ 80% deacetylation, Mw 80 k) was obtained from Yuhuan Oceanic Biochemistry Co. Ltd. (China). Alginate (6 mPS for 1% at 25 °C) was procured from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Company of Chinese Medicine. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG 55–35) was bought from GL Biochem Co Ltd (China). Heat-killed Mycobacterium Tuberculosis strain H37RA was obtained from Difco (US). Sodium alginate, SMG, UP LVG and UP MVM were purchased from FMC (US). EAE INDUCTION kit- EK2110 was ordered from Hooke laboratories (US). 2, 4, 6 Trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid 5% w/v in methanol (TNBSA) was prepared from Thermo Scientific (US).
7
Construction and Characterization of OXR1-EGFP Fusion Plasmid
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The recombinant OXR1-EGFP fusion plasmid was constructed by GeneChem (Shanghai, China). Egg lecithin (PC-98T) and synthetic phospholipids (DSPE-PEG2000) were provided by RVT (Shanghai, China). Cholesterol, N-hydroxy-succinimide (NHS), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), ε-polylysine and d-α-tocopherol succinate were purchased from Sigma (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was provided by PAN-Biotech GmbH (Baghlia, Germany). PEI was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Madison, WI, USA). RPMI 1640 medium, penicillin/streptomycin solution, and neurobasal medium were purchased from Gibco (CA, USA). The MTT Cell Proliferation and Cytotoxicity Assay Kit, HE staining kit and Masson staining kit were obtained from Solarbio Science & Technology (Beijing, China). A TUNEL apoptosis detection kit was obtained from Yeasen Biochemical (Shanghai, China). Primary antibodies and the companies from which they were obtained are listed in Supplemental Table 1 . Alexa Fluor 568, Alexa Fluor 488 and Alexa Fluor 647 donkey anti-rabbit/mouse secondary antibodies against mouse and rabbit were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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