The scanning and quantitative multi element analysis of the venom was performed using NexION 350D (Perkin Elmer, Germany) coupled with ESI-SC2DX auto sampler, cyclonic spray chamber, quartz bore injector and Meinhard concentric nebulizer for sample introduction. The operating conditions for the ICPMS analysis are as listed in the Table 1 . The scanning of different elements present in the venom was assessed by performing Total Quant analysis for 80 elements using Mg, Rh and Pb as internal standards with a concentration of 10 PPB. Total of 12 readings were collected with 3 replicates per sample. The concentration of the sample was calculated at both PPB and PPM levels. Quantitative multi-element analysis of 9 elements including copper, zinc, calcium, lead, magnesium, arsenic, manganese, iron and nickel as single run was performed against the pooled standards. The standards (eight different concentrations) were prepared using the stock solutions of individual elements, which includes PPT, PPB and PPM levels (Table 2 ). The calibration curve was plotted using the sample buffer as blank. Using yttrium as internal standard the concentration of all the 9 elements were calculated in the pooled venom samples. All the ICPMS experiments were performed in triplicates.
Nexion 350d
Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The NexION 350D is an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) designed for high-performance elemental analysis. It provides accurate and precise measurements of trace and ultra-trace elements in a wide range of sample types. The NexION 350D features advanced technology and capabilities to deliver reliable and reproducible results.
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Lab products found in correlation
Nitric acid, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Pure plus, by PerkinElmer (4 mentions)
Multi element calibration standard 3, by PerkinElmer (3 mentions)
Triton x 100, by PerkinElmer (3 mentions)
Tryton x 100, by PerkinElmer (2 mentions)
Discover sp d oven, by CEM Corporation (2 mentions)
Suprapur, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Jem 2100 plus, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Q500 ultrasonic processor, by Qsonica (1 mentions)
S 4700, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Lsm 800, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Ultimate 3000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Semet, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methylselenocysteine mesecys, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium selenate na2seo4, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium selenite na2seo3, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nano range dynamic light scattering, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Aanalyst 100, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Milli q, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Elan 6100, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
95 protocols using nexion 350d
1
Quantitative Multi-Element Analysis of Venom
2
Quantification of As and Se in RBCs
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Arsenic and selenium levels in erythrocytes were quantified by inductively coupled mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS NexION 350D, Perkin Elmer) using methane to reduce polyatomic interferences, previously described by Lubinski et al. [16 (link)]. Each sample was measured in duplicates in different analytical runs. Prior to analysis, all samples were centrifuged (6000 rpm, 15 min) and the supernatant was diluted 100 times with the reagent blank.
3
Electro-precipitation and Emulsion Analysis
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The electro-precipitation method was
performed using a WaveDriver 200 and WaveVortex (Pine Instruments,
Durham, NC) with the chronoamperometry technique (induction at 0 mV
for 3 s, step potential at −1.5 V for 300 s, and relaxation
at 0 mV for 1 s). The emulsion was prepared using a Q500 ultrasonic
processor (Qsonica, Newtown, CT) with a 1/4 in. microtip probe. A
Thermo Evolution 350 UV–vis spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Waltham, MA) was used to quantify the metal salt leakage from the
aqueous emulsion phase to the continuous DCE phase. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) images and EDX spectra were acquired using a Nanoscience
Phenom Pro instrument (Nanoscience, Phoenix, AZ). ICP–MS data
were collected using a Nexion 350D (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA).
performed using a WaveDriver 200 and WaveVortex (Pine Instruments,
Durham, NC) with the chronoamperometry technique (induction at 0 mV
for 3 s, step potential at −1.5 V for 300 s, and relaxation
at 0 mV for 1 s). The emulsion was prepared using a Q500 ultrasonic
processor (Qsonica, Newtown, CT) with a 1/4 in. microtip probe. A
Thermo Evolution 350 UV–vis spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Waltham, MA) was used to quantify the metal salt leakage from the
aqueous emulsion phase to the continuous DCE phase. Scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) images and EDX spectra were acquired using a Nanoscience
Phenom Pro instrument (Nanoscience, Phoenix, AZ). ICP–MS data
were collected using a Nexion 350D (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA).
4
Characterizing Silver-Coated Surface Properties
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The coated surfaces were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM, S-4700, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, Tokyo, Japan), and elemental analysis of the surfaces was performed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The arithmetic mean heights of the surfaces of uncoated and coated specimens were measured using a three-dimensional confocal laser microscope (LSM 800, Zeiss, Jena, Germany). The amount of silver released from each coated disc was measured by incubating it in a tube containing phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37 °C. After 24 h of incubation, the disc was removed from the tube, and the amount of silver in the solution was measured using inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, NexION 350D, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
5
Selenium Speciation Analysis in Lactobacillus
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The Se concentration in L. paracasei CCFM 1089 strain was determined by hydride atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS-8520, Beijing Haiguang Instrument Co., Ltd., Beijing, China), as reported by Li. et al. [21 (link)].
The Se forms in the strains were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Ultimate3000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, NexION 350D, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) according to Micaela Pescuma et al. [22 (link)]. Standard samples of SeCys (98%), methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys; 95%), SeMet (99%), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4; 98%), and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich LLC., Saint Louis, MO, USA.
The Se forms in the strains were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, Ultimate3000, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS, NexION 350D, Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) according to Micaela Pescuma et al. [22 (link)]. Standard samples of SeCys (98%), methylselenocysteine (MeSeCys; 95%), SeMet (99%), sodium selenate (Na2SeO4; 98%), and sodium selenite (Na2SeO3; 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich LLC., Saint Louis, MO, USA.
6
Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles
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The concentration of ZnO NPs in the cell culture medium was determined using ICP-MS analysis [15 (link)]. In brief, 20μg/ml solutions of ZnO NP (14 nm and 100 nm) were incubated at 37°C with shaking for 72 h. Size measurements were taken at 0h, 1h, 2h, 4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h and 72h in duplicates on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano Range Dynamic Light Scattering instrument. Following size measurement, the samples were centrifuged at 14,000 rpm for 1 minute. 100 μl of the supernatant containing ZnO NP was digested using 1 ml of 70% nitric acid (HNO3). The digestion was performed in a hot water bath at 60°C for 45 minutes. Following digestion, all the digests were diluted by addition of 9 ml deionized water. Zinc ion concentration was measured on a PerkinElmer NexION® 350D ICP-MS using Syngistix™ software (Shelton, CT, USA).
7
Waste PCB Characterization and Bioleaching
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The waste PCBs used in this study were obtained from Comimtel Recycling, Peru. The preparation of waste PCBs was carried out as follows: (i) manually separated electronic components (for example, capacitors, cards, batteries, resistors, among others) were size reduced by using metal cutting scissors and a portable powder crusher (Keene Engineering, Chatsworth, CA, USA), until obtaining a fine powder with a particle size ≤ 300 µm [32 (link),33 (link)]; (ii) powder samples were then washed with a saturated solution of NaCl 35% (w/v), at a ratio of 10 g/100 mL, and were dried in an oven at 60 °C for 24 h (for the elimination of plastic particles potentially toxic to bacterial metabolism) [5 (link),34 (link)].
For the characterization of waste PCBs metal content, the powder obtained was digested with an acid mixture of HNO3, HCl, HF and HClO4 in a ratio of 5:1:2:2, respectively [35 (link)]. The aforementioned digested solution was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) (AAnalyst100-Perkinelmer, Waltham, MA, USA), while the bioleaching solutions were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES) (Nexion350D-Perkinelmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
For the characterization of waste PCBs metal content, the powder obtained was digested with an acid mixture of HNO3, HCl, HF and HClO4 in a ratio of 5:1:2:2, respectively [35 (link)]. The aforementioned digested solution was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) (AAnalyst100-Perkinelmer, Waltham, MA, USA), while the bioleaching solutions were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES) (Nexion350D-Perkinelmer, Waltham, MA, USA).
8
Determination of Na+ and K+ in plants
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To determine Na+ and K+ contents, the collected plant samples (at approximately the V2 stage) were rinsed three times with sterile water to remove any impurities. The dry weight of the samples was determined after dehydration in an oven at 65°C for 5 days and then ground to fine powder. The powder was placed in a 50 ml conical bottle to be digested with appropriate volume of the mixed acid (nitric acid: hydrogen peroxide = 4:1) overnight. The sample solution was digested in an electric digestion system until all samples were clear and transparent. Deionized water was added to the final volume of 50 ml. The Na+ and K+ contents were measured by an inductivity coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS; NexION 350D; PerkinElmer, Shelton, CT, United States) coupled to an Apex desolation system and an SC-4 DX autosampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., Omaha, NE, United States).
9
Nanoparticle Characterization Using sp-ICP-MS
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ICP-MS was used for size fractionation and quantification of synthesized nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were measured in single particle mode (time-resolved analysis), sp-ICP-MS (NexION 350D; PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The dwell time was set to 50 µs and the scan time to 100 s. The particle size calculations were based on the calibration curve of the dissolved metal, which was matrix-matched with the samples (ie, prepared in the same medium). In brief, the signal intensity for the dissolved metal is correlated with the signal intensity of the particle, which allows calculations of particle mass and diameter, assuming that particles are spherical. The principle of the method together with equations has been described previously.25 (link) The transport efficiency was calculated based on 60 nm particles (PerkinElmer Inc.), and the measurements were conducted in the same matrix used for experimental samples.
10
Rare Earth Elements Adsorption by Plant Cell Walls
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Four series of samples were used for the experiments: root cell wall (CW), root cell wall without pectin (CW-P), leaf cell wall (CW), and leaf cell wall without pectin (CW-P). Freeze-dried cell walls (CWs) weighing 0.05 g were loaded into a solid-phase extraction column (3 mL). A 10 μmol L−1 solution of REEs was injected into the column at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1, followed by filtration through a 0.22 μm membrane filter. Samples were collected at different time points (1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 120, 240, and 480 min), and the adsorption experiments were repeated three times. The REEs concentrations in the filtrate were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS, NexION 350D, PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The amounts of REEs adsorbed on root and leaf CWs were calculated using the following equation [64 (link)]:
where is for the amount of REEs adsorption. and represent the initial concentration and the sampling point concentration of REEs, respectively. represents the volume of the REEs collected. represents the weight of freeze-dried CWs.
The REEs time-dependent adsorption kinetics experimental steps for the pectin-free cell wall fraction (CW-P) were conducted in a similar manner as described above.
where is for the amount of REEs adsorption. and represent the initial concentration and the sampling point concentration of REEs, respectively. represents the volume of the REEs collected. represents the weight of freeze-dried CWs.
The REEs time-dependent adsorption kinetics experimental steps for the pectin-free cell wall fraction (CW-P) were conducted in a similar manner as described above.
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