Bodpod gs

GMP intervention, aimed at replacing the amino acids with GMP, started after the baseline visit, with an imbrication phase lasting no more than 4 weeks, reaching at least 30% of the amino acid supplementation from GMP formulation at T1.
At bothT0 (baseline) and T1 (6 months of GMP intake), the following analyses were performed: anthropometry, including calculation of body mass index; body composition (air displacement plethysmography), nutrients intake, and Glycemic index (GI); Glycemic load (GL) by a 3–day food diary; hematological and biochemical status; and microbiota characterization.
Weight, height, and body composition data were collected by metabolic dietitians. Height was measured using an electronic stadiometer (Seca GmbH & Co. Kg., model 242, Hamburg, Germany). Weight and body composition were measured with BodPod GS (COSMED, Concord, CA, USA); the data are expressed as fat mass (FM; kg; %) and free fat mass (FFM, kg; %).

Height was measured using a portable stadiometer (to the nearest 0.5 cm). Waist circumference was measured using a measuring tape at the level of the umbilicus (to the nearest 0.1 cm). Body fat (to the nearest 0.1%) and body mass (to the nearest 10⁻⁷ kg) were measured using air displacement plethysmography (BOD POD GS; COSMED, Artarmon, NSW, Australia). BMI was then calculated using body mass (kg) and height (m) (kg/m²). BMI was used to categorise individuals as underweight (<18.5 kg/m²), healthy weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²), overweight (25–29.9 kg/m²), or obese (≥30 kg/m²).