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14 protocols using hmw calibration kit

1

Purification and Characterization of Tau Aggregates

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The media were centrifuged at 20,400 × g for 5 min and filtered through 30 kDa Amicon ultra and washed 13 times with PBS to eliminate the compounds. The media were then separated by a Superose six column (GE healthcare) in PBS at 0.5 ml/min with an AKTA explorer 10S (GE healthcare). HEK293 cells expressing P301S tau with RD transduction were sonicated with ice cold PBS supplemented with complete and PhosSTOP. After centrifugation at 100,000 × g for 20 min, the supernatants were collected as PBS-soluble cell extracts and loaded onto the column. Recombinant 2N4R tau (2.1 μg) was loaded as a control. HMW calibration kit (GE healthcare) was used to estimate molecular weights.
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2

Molecular Weight Estimation of Cry Proteins

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Gel filtration chromatography was carried out with an ÄKTA explorer 100 chromatography system (GE Healthcare) with a Superdex 75 10/300 GL column (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden) equilibrated and eluted with 50 mM sodium carbonate buffer, pH 12, at a flow rate of 0.5 ml/min. To estimate the apparent molecular weight of the chromatographic peaks, the column was calibrated with a protein molecular weight standards kit (HMW calibration kit, GE Healthcare Life Sciences). Then, the samples consisted of Cry23Aa/Cry37Aa activated with trypsin were injected into the column.
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3

Recombinant Mouse Tenascin-C Protein Expression

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Plasmids (pGEX-6P-1-mouse Tnc 2-700 or pGEX-6P-1-mouse Tnc 156-700) were transformed into BL21 (DE3) competent E. coli cells. 1 L cultures of BL21 each containing a different protein expression constructs were grown at 37 °C in LB and induced with 1 mM IPTG (AMRESCO, cat# 0487) at OD600 = 0.4. Cells were incubated at 16 °C overnight and harvested. Cells were lysed in 80 mL lysis buffer (150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris/HCl pH 8.0, 1% glycerol, 200 μg/mL PMSF and 0.2 mM β-mercaptoethanol) and centrifuged. The cleared lysates were incubated with 4 mL glutathione-coupled Sepharose 4B beads (GE Healthcare, cat# 17-0756-01) at 4 °C overnight, and the beads were subsequently washed for three times then eluted with 30 mM GSH. The eluted proteins were loaded onto a Superose 6 Increase 10/300 GL (GE Healthcare, cat#29-0915-96) equilibrated in PBS/Az using an ÄKTA FPLC system at 0.3 mL/min and the A280 of the eluate were monitored continuously. Mass standards used here were from a commercial HMW calibration kit (GE Healthcare).
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4

Fluorescence SEC Analysis of hERG Channel

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Solubilized crude membranes were analyzed by fluorescence size exclusion chromatography (FSEC) on a Superose 6 10/300 column attached to an Ä KTA Purifier (GE Healthcare, USA), using FSEC buffer (20 mM TRIS-HCl, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.03% DDM). 1 μM Astemizole was added to the buffer in experiments involving Astemizole. The effluent from the Superose 6 10/300 column was coupled to a fluorescence detector (Shimadzu Prominence RF-20A), to measure fluorescence and visualize the elution profile of the GFP tagged hERG channel. To estimate the molecular weight of the solubilized hERG-TEV-GFP-His 8 protein, we used the HMW calibration kit from GE Healthcare dissolved at 20 mg/ml in FSEC buffer. The molecular masses were: Ovalbumin 43 kDa; Conalbumin 75 kDa; Aldolase 158 kDa; Ferritin 440 kDa; Thyroglobulin 669 kDA; Blue Dextran 2000 kDa. The elution volume for Blue Dextran defined the void volume.
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5

SEC-FSEC analysis of DDM-β₂AR

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30μL crude lysate samples of Alexa488-DDM or DIBMALP-β2AR were run of Yarra 1.8μm SEC-x300 2.5mL column (Phenomenex, CA, US) using shimadzu prominence HPLC system. Running buffer consisted of 20mM HEPEs, 150mM NaCl, 5% glycerol, and 0.03% DDM for DDM- β2AR sample only. FSEC took place at a flow rate of 0.2mL/min and 0.2mL fractions collected. Samples were excited at 488nm, and emission collected at 520nm. GE HMW calibration kit was use as the standard.
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6

Size-Exclusion Chromatography of Proteins

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Proteins were loaded onto a Superose™ 6 10/300 column equilibrated in PBS/Az using an ÄKTA FPLC system at 0.3 ml/min and the A280 of the eluate monitored continuously. Mass standards were from a commercial HMW calibration kit (GE Healthcare). All buffers and samples were filtered (0.45 µm) before use.
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7

Drosophila Embryo Nuclear Extract Fractionation

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Nuclear extracts from 0–12 hour Drosophila embryos were prepared as described [15 ]. Samples of the extract (10 mg protein) were fractionated by gel filtration on a Superose 6 HR 10/30 column (GE Healthcare) in HEMG buffer [25 mM HEPES-KOH, pH 7.6 with 12.5 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mM EDTA, 10% glycerol, 1 mM DTT, and complete protease inhibitor mixture (Roche)] containing 150 mM NaCl (HEMG-150). The column was calibrated with an HMW Calibration Kit (GE Healthcare). The void volume of the column was 7.0 mL, and the volume of each fraction was 0.5 mL.
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8

Characterizing Solubilized Aquaporin Proteins

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Solubilized crude membranes were analyzed by fluorescence-detection size exclusion chromatography (FSEC) on a Superose 6 Increase 200 10/300 GL column attached to an ÄKTA Purifier (GE Healthcare, USA), using FSEC buffer (20 mM TRIS-HCl, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.03% DDM). The effluent from the column was coupled to a fluorescence detector (Shimadzu Prominence RF-20A) to measure fluorescence and visualize the elution profile of the GFP tagged AQPs. To estimate the molecular weight of the solubilized AQP-TEV-GFPHis10 proteins, we used the HMW calibration kit from GE Healthcare dissolved at 20 mg/ml in FSEC buffer. The molecular masses were: Ovalbumin 43 kDa; Conalbumin 75 kDa; Aldolase 158 kDa; Ferritin 440 kDa; Thyroglobulin 669 kDA; Blue Dextran 2000 kDa. The elution volume for Blue Dextran defined the void volume.
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9

Structural Analysis of p53 Variants

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The tetramerization of p53 variants was analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The tetramerization deficient mutant p53_L344P was used as a control. SEC was performed in 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4 and 150 mM NaCl at a flow rate of 0.03 ml/min using a Superose 6 Increase column (GE healthcare). 30 μl of 8 μM protein solution were loaded respectively and elution was analyzed by absorbance measurement at 280 nm. Sizes were calculated by a gel filtration HMW calibration kit (GE Healthcare). To analyze DNA and PAR binding, p53 variants were preincubated with 0.25 μM double-stranded response element from the p21 promotor (REp21, Oligo_2 + Oligo_3 annealed) or 50 μM unfractionated PAR for 10 min and elution was followed by absorbance measurements at 258 nm.
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10

Fluorescence-based Size Exclusion Chromatography

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Fluorescence detection size exclusion chromatography (FSEC) analysis of solubilized crude membranes was done on an ÄKTA Purifier (GE Healthcare, USA) using a Superose 6 10/300 column and FSEC buffer (20 mM TRIS–HCl, 0.15 M NaCl, 0.03% DDM pH 7.5). The samples were analyzed with and without addition of CHS 0.026% (w/v) and/or 5 mM KCl. The Superose 6 10/300 column effluent was coupled to a fluorescence detector (Shimadzu Prominence RF-20A). This facilitated fluorescence measurements and visualization of the GFP protein elution profiles. Molecular weight estimation of the solubilized channels was done by a comparison to the HMW calibration kit from GE Healthcare dissolved in FSEC buffer to a concentration of 20 mg/ml. The molecular masses of the kit components were: Blue Dextran 2000 kDa–the elution volume of which was used as definition of void volume; Thyroglobulin 669 kDA; Ferritin 440 kDa; Aldolase 158 kDa; Conalbumin 75 kDa; Ovalbumin 43 kDa.
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