Soluble human recombinant m csf

A 95% CIE solution was purchased from the Korean Plant Extract Bank (Daejeon, Korea). TRAP staining solution and β-actin (housekeeping gene) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and a sodium 3′-[1-(phenyl-aminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) (XTT) assay kit was purchased from Roche (Indianapolis, IN, USA). α-Minimum essential medium (α-MEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA), and soluble human recombinant M-CSF and RANKL were purchased from Peprotech (London, UK). Specific antibodies against c-Fos and NFATc1 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Specific primary antibodies against phospho-p38, p38, phospho-Akt, Akt, phospho-JNK, JNK, phospho-IκB, IκB, phospho-ERK, ERK, phospho-GSK3β, and GSK3β were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). All other chemicals were of analytical or cell-culture grade.

A TRAP staining solution was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and a sodium 3ʹ-[1-(phenyl-aminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis(4-methoxy-6-nitro) (XTT) assay kit was purchased from Roche (Indianapolis, IN, USA). The α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA), and soluble human recombinant M-CSF and RANKL were purchased from Peprotech (London, UK). Specific antibodies against c-Fos and NFATc1 were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Specific primary antibodies against phospho-p38, p38, phospho-Akt, Akt, phospho-ERK, ERK, phospho-JNK, JNK, phospho-IκB, and IκB were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), and that against the house-keeping gene GAPDH was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology.

The distilled water extract of DM was purchased from the Korean Plant Extract Bank (Daejeon, Korea). The TRAP staining solution was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and the XTT assay kit was obtained from Roche (Indianapolis, IN, USA). The α-minimum essential medium (α-MEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin-streptomycin were purchased from Gibco-BRL (Grand Island, NY, USA); soluble human recombinant M-CSF and RANKL were purchased from Peprotech (London, UK). Specific primary antibodies against phospho-p38 (#9211), p38 (#9212), phospho-JNK (#9251), JNK (#9252), phospho-Akt (#9271), Akt (#9272), and phospho-IκB (#2859) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA), while phosphor-Btk (GTX61791) was purchased from GeneTex (Irvine, CA, USA) and β-actin (A5441; housekeeping gene) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Specific antibodies against phospho-PLCγ2 (sc-101785), PLCγ2 (sc-5283), IκB (sc-371), and c-Fos (sc-7202), and NFATc1 (sc-7294) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).