Dulbecco s pbs dpbs

Methoxy polyethylene glycol amine [mPEG-NH₂, molecular weight (M_w) = 5 kDa] was purchased from Laysan Bio Inc. (Alabama, USA). TCPO and sodium cyanoborohydride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). CMD sodium salt (M_w = 10 to 20 kDa), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC•HCl), 4-(dimethyl amino)pyridine (DMAP), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethyl formamide (DMF), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA), TMP, DMPO, and [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). The Ce6 was obtained from Frontier Scientific Inc. (Logan, Utah, USA). Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells (HT29) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD, USA). For cell culture, RPMI 1640 media, antibiotic-antimycotic solution, trypsin-EDTA, and Dulbecco’s PBS (DPBS) were purchased from Welgene Inc. (Daegu, Korea). All experiments involving live animals were carried out in accordance with the relevant laws and institutional guidelines of Sungkyunkwan University.

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and Dulbecco's PBS (DPBS) were acquired from Welgene, Inc. α-Minimum essential medium (α-MEM) and penicillin/streptomycin (P/S) were acquired from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Atlas Biologicals, Inc. RANKL was purchased from PeproTech EC Ltd. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was acquired from Dojindo Laboratories, Inc. TRAP staining kits, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) solution, 17b-estradiol (E₂), alendronate (ALN) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck KGaA). Acti-stain™ 488 Fluorescent Phalloidin was obtained from Cytoskeleton, Inc. Osteo assay strip well plates were acquired from Corning, Inc. PCR primers were purchased from GenoTech Corp. Primary and secondary antibodies were as follows: β-actin (sc-8432; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), NFATc1 (cat. no. 556602; BD Biosciences), c-Fos (cat. no. sc-447; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), matrix metalloprotease 9 (MMP-9; cat. no. ab38898; Abcam), cathepsin K (CTK; cat. no. ab19027; Abcam), peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Mouse IgG (cat. no. 115-035-062; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.) and peroxidase AffiniPure Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (cat. no. 115-035-144; Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.).

The human skin keratinocyte cell line HaCaT (KCLB, Seoul, Korea) was maintained
in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (Welgene, Gyeongsan, Korea)
supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Welgene) and 1%
penicillin-streptomycin (Lonza, Walkersville, MD, USA) at 37°C under
5% CO₂ conditions. In addition, Du145 cells were maintained in
RPMI 1640 medium (Welgene) supplemented with L-glutamine (300 mg/L), 25 mM
HEPES, 25 mM NaHCO₃, and 10% fetal bovine serum (Welgene). The
HaCaT and Du145 cells were sub-cultured once every three days. Dulbecco’s
PBS (DPBS; Welgene) and 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (Thermo Fisher Scientific,
Rockford, IL, USA) were used also used during cell culture.