Esophageal polymeric scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning as described previously (Fig. 2A ) [10 (link)]. Briefly, 30 wt% polyethylene oxide (Mw=100,000, Sigma) solution in distilled water was electrospun onto rotating stainless steel mandrels (diameter=2 cm) to 2 mm thickness. Then, 20 wt% PU (Pellethane, Lubrizol LifeSciences) solution in N,N-dimethylformamide (Junsei Chemical Co.) was also electrospun onto the collector at the same thickness. The inner layer was made at a linear speed of 0.31 m/s (1,200 rpm) so that random fiber arrangement could occur. On the other hand, the outer layer rotated the mandrel at a linear speed of 3.14 m/sec (12,000 rpm), which led to a circumferential orientation of the fibers. In both cases, the feeding rate of the solution was fixed to 0.5 mL/hr. The distance between the nozzle and flat sheet collector was set precisely at 25 cm, with 15 kV generated by a power supply. The prepared double-layered esophageal scaffold was dried overnight in a vacuum oven (38 °C) to remove residual organic solvent. The mechanical strengths of two-layered PU scaffolds were measured using a tensile test machine (AG-5000G; Shimadzu) which was equipped with a 50-kgf load cell at a crosshead speed of 10 mm/min. Specimens were prepared in the form of a standard dumbbell-shape (n=4).
Ag 5000g
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The Shimadzu AG-5000G is a general-purpose analytical balance that provides precise and reliable weight measurements. It features a wide weighing range and high resolution for various laboratory applications. The core function of the AG-5000G is to accurately measure the mass of samples with consistent performance.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Polyethylene oxide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Junsei (1 mentions)
Model xl30, by Philips (1 mentions)
Oca 15 plus, by Dataphysics (1 mentions)
Em10c, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
S 7400, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Dsc q20, by Waters Corporation (1 mentions)
X ray diffractometer, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Jsm 5900, by JEOL (1 mentions)
5 protocols using ag 5000g
1
Fabrication of Esophageal Polymer Scaffolds
2
Characterization of Fibrous Biomaterial Scaffolds
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The fabricated fibrous mats were gold coated by sputtering and examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Philips Model XL30, Eindhoven, The Netherland) at an accelerating voltage of 30 kV. The mean diameter of the fibers was analyzed by measuring the diameter of 50 random fibers from FESEM images. An image analysis software (Image J, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) was utilized to determine the fiber size distribution. A JEOL transmission electron microscope (TEM, Zeiss, EM10C, Berlin, Germany) was used at 100 kV voltage to analyze the core-shell structure.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (AVATAR, Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA) of the mats was performed in transmission mode using KBr pellets in the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1. Mechanical properties of the scaffolds were assessed by a universal tensile testing machine (AG-5000G, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) according to ASTM D638 at a strain rate of 5 mm/min and 2 cm gauge length. Water contact-angle goniometry (OCA 15 Plus, Dataphysics, Filderstadt, Germany) was employed to evaluate the wettability of the fibrous membranes. Triplicate samples (n ≥ 3) were examined and the average values were reported.
Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy (AVATAR, Thermo, Waltham, MA, USA) of the mats was performed in transmission mode using KBr pellets in the wavenumber range of 4000–400 cm−1. Mechanical properties of the scaffolds were assessed by a universal tensile testing machine (AG-5000G, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) according to ASTM D638 at a strain rate of 5 mm/min and 2 cm gauge length. Water contact-angle goniometry (OCA 15 Plus, Dataphysics, Filderstadt, Germany) was employed to evaluate the wettability of the fibrous membranes. Triplicate samples (n ≥ 3) were examined and the average values were reported.
3
Characterization of PCL/Collagen Nanofibers
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The morphology of the electrospun nanofibers of the PCL/collagen nanofibrous mat was observed using SEM (Hitachi S-7400, Hitachi, Japan) and FE-SEM (Hitachi S-7400, Hitachi, Japan). Transparency was evaluated by performing the analysis spectra using a SYNERGY Mx spectrophotometer (BioTekR, USA) in the wavelength range of from 400 nm to 800 nm. The presence of rat tail collagen in the PCL nanofibers was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy (ABB Bomen MB100 spectrometer, Bomen, Canada) and the mechanical properties of the samples were determined using a universal tester (AG-5000G, Shimadzu, Japan) at room temperature. To determine the wettability of the 3D nanofibrous scaffolds with radially aligned patterns, the water contact angle of the samples was measured using a contact angle meter (GBX, Digidrop, France) with deionized (DI) water. The experiment was conducted at a room condition and at different time intervals of 5, 10, and 15 s for a total of 8 times per sample.
4
Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Scaffolds
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Two mechanical parameters (tensile stress, flexural stress) of 3D printed/NFs scaffolds were measured before and after implantation over a period of 4 weeks using an ultimate tensile test machine (AG-5000G, Shimadzu, Japan) equipped with a 10-kgf load cell at a crosshead displacement speed of 20 mm/min. Trachea of normal rabbit was used as a control group.
5
Characterization of Surface Morphology and Mechanical Properties
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A field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; JEOL JSM-5900) was used to analyze the surface morphologies. The phase purity and crystalline phase of the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns through a Rigaku X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Ka radiation from 10° to 80°. The thermal behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; DSC Q20; Waters, Milford, MA, USA) operating from room temperature to 320 °C under the air atmosphere. Mechanical properties were performed by using a universal testing machine (AG-5000G; Shimadzu Co., Kyoto, Japan) under a cross-head speed of 5 mm min−1 at room temperature. In accordance with ASTM D-638, the samples were prepared in the shape of a dumbbell, and then tensile tests were conducted on at least 3~5 specimens and the average values were reported.
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