Cantus 50 wg

The following commercial fungicide formulations were supplied by their representative manufacturers and used in all tests: trifloxystrobin as Flint 50 WG (Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany); cyprodinil as Chorus 50 WG (Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland); dodine as Syllit 544 SC (Arysta LifeScience Benelux Sprl, Ougrée, Belgium); difenoconazole as Score 25 EC (Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland); boscalid as Cantus 50 WG (BASF SE, Ludwigshafen, Germany); fludioxonil as Geoxe 50 WG (Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland); dithianon as Delan 70 WG (BASF Agro BV, Arnhem, The Netherlands); and captan as Merpan 80 WG (Adama Makhteshim Ltd, Beer Sheva, Israel). The fungicides were dissolved in sterilized distilled water and stock solutions of 1000 mg L⁻¹ active ingredient (a.i.) were prepared. To obtain the desired concentrations of each fungicide (mg L⁻¹ of a.i. in growth medium), 10-fold serial dilutions were made from the stock solutions. To inhibit the alternative respiration function, the QoI fungicide trifloxystrobin was tested with the addition of 100 mg L⁻¹ salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM; Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) to the medium. The final concentration of the solvent in the growth medium did not exceed 1% (v/v).

Fungicides used in the study were selected among the main groups of single-site inhibitors registered for use in Greek vineyards against foliar or bunch diseases. The commercial formulations of fludioxonil (Geoxe 50 WG, Syngenta, Basel, Switzerland), fluxapyroxad (Sercadis 30 SC, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), fluopyram (Luna Privilege 50 SC, Bayer CropScience, Leverkusen, Germany), boscalid (Cantus 50 WG, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), pyraclostrobin (Insignia 20 WG, BASF, Ludwigshafen, Germany), isofetamid (Kenja 40 SC, Agrology Papaoikonomou, Thessaloniki, Greece), penthiopyrad (Fontelis 20 SC, Corteva AgriScience, Indianapolis, IN, USA), and tebuconazole (Folicur 25 WG, Bayer CropScience, Leverkusen, Germany) were used in the sensitivity assays.