1 8 diiodooctane

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in Israel

1,8-diiodooctane is a chemical compound with the formula CH2(I)CH2(CH2)4CH2(I)CH2. It is a colorless liquid used as a high-refractive index solvent and as a component in certain types of laboratory equipment and instrumentation.

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1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)

8 protocols using 1 8 diiodooctane

Fabrication of SnO2-based Thin Films

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Chemicals used to prepare
SnO₂ and SnO₂/alkali carbonate films were as
follows. Precursor tin(II) chloride dihydrate (SnCl₂·2H₂O, 98%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar, and ethanol (C₂H₅OH, 99.9%) was received from EMD Millipore Corporation.
Alkali carbonates [(Li₂CO₃, 99.997%), (K₂CO₃, 99.995%), and (Rb₂CO₃, 99.8%)] were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
The donor polymer poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3-fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl] (PTB7-Th) and the acceptor polymer
phenyl-C₇₀-butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₀BM)
were used to prepare the active layer; these materials were purchased
from Solarmer Energy, Inc., and Nano Holding, respectively. 1,2-Dichlorobenzene
(ODCB, 99%) and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO, 98%, contains copper as stabilizer),
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO), were used as solvent
and additive for preparing the active solution. Note that all these
chemicals were used as received, without any further purification.

Tran V.H., Park H., Eom S.H., Yoon S.C, & Lee S.H. (2018). Modified SnO2 with Alkali Carbonates as Robust Electron-Transport Layers for Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS Omega, 3(12), 18398-18410.

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IDIC Synthesis Protocol in Organic Solvents

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Unless stated otherwise, all the chemical reagents and solvents used were obtained commercially without further purification. Chloroform (99.5%), 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) (97.0%) and 1-chloronaphthalene (CN) (97.0%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PM6 (M_n = 20.2 kg mol⁻¹, M_w/M_n = 2.0), Y6, PNDIT-F3N and compounds S10 and 2 were purchased from OptiFocus Ltd. 1-Bromohexane-D13 was purchased from J&K Chemical Inc. 1-Bromo-2-ethylhexane-D17 and dodecanoic-D23 acid were purchased from CFW Laboratories, Inc. IDIC was synthesized by our previous procedure^{48 (link)}.

Cai G., Li Y., Fu Y., Yang H., Mei L., Nie Z., Li T., Liu H., Ke Y., Wang X.L., Brédas J.L., Tang M.C., Chen X., Zhan X, & Lu X. (2024). Deuteration-enhanced neutron contrasts to probe amorphous domain sizes in organic photovoltaic bulk heterojunction films. Nature Communications, 15, 2784.

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Organic Photovoltaic Device Fabrication

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The transparent conducting
oxide used was an indium tin oxide (ITO) patterned glass substrate
with a sheet resistance of 10 Ω·cm^–2 purchased
from PsioTec Ltd. Donor polymer PTB7:Th and fullerene acceptor PC₇₀BM were supplied by One-Material Inc. and Solenne BV, respectively.
Zinc acetate dehydrate (99.999%), 2-methoxy ethanol (99.9%), ethanolamine
(99.5%), m ethanol, ethanol, chlorobenzene (CB), and 1,8-diiodooctane
(DIO) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Vanadium oxide (V₂O₅) and a high-purity silver (Ag) wire (99.99%) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich and Testbourne Ltd., respectively.

Moustafa E., Marsal L.F, & Pallarès J. (2022). Significant Stability Improvement of Fullerene Organic Photovoltaics via ZnO Film Modification through the Intermittent Spray Pyrolysis Technique. ACS Applied Energy Materials, 5(4), 4390-4403.

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Organic Photovoltaic Device Fabrication

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Organic donor (TPD-3F) and acceptor (IT-4F) materials were purchased from Raynergy Tek. o-Xylene (99%) was purchased from Acros Organics. Diphenyl ether (>98%) and 1,8-diiodooctane (98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Tin oxide nanoparticles dispersion in H₂O (15 wt%) was purchased from Alfa Aesar. All chemicals were used as received, without any further purification.

Di Mario L., Garcia Romero D., Pieters M.J., Eller F., Zhu C., Bongiovanni G., Herzig E.M., Mura A, & Loi M.A. (2023). Effects of the diphenyl ether additive in halogen-free processed non-fullerene acceptor organic solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry. a, 11(5), 2419-2430.

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Synthesis of Organic Photovoltaic Devices

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Fresh onion bulb was bought from the urban market Beer sheva, Israel. Chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄), silver nitrate(AgNO₃), 3,9-bis(2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2′,3′-d′]-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b′]dithiophene (ITIC), Poly[4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b;4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl-alt-(4-(2-ethylhexyl)-3 fluorothieno[3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-carboxylate-2-6-diyl)] (PTB7-Th), Poly(9,9-bis(3′-(N,N-dimethyl)-N-ethylammoinium-propyl-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene))dibromide (PFN-Br), 1,8 Diiodooctane, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS 1.3 wt% dispersion in water) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Israel. Chlorobenzene, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and deionized water were purchased from Bio-Lab ltd, Jerusalem, Israel, and Glass/ITO substrates with a sheet resistance of 20 Ω/sq from Xin Yan Technology Ltd., Hong Kong, China.

Okai V., Chahul H.F, & Shikler R. (2023). Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency of Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells Using Green Synthesized Au–Ag Nanoparticles. Polymers, 15(6), 1482.

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Organic Semiconductor Material Synthesis

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PM6 was purchased from Solarmer Materials Inc. BTP-eC9 and Y6 were purchased from hyperchemical Inc. L8-BO-F and Y6-F were synthesized in our group. Chloroform, chloronaphthalene and 1,8-Diiodooctane were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Inc.

Cai Y., Li Q., Lu G., Ryu H.S., Li Y., Jin H., Chen Z., Tang Z., Lu G., Hao X., Woo H.Y., Zhang C, & Sun Y. (2022). Vertically optimized phase separation with improved exciton diffusion enables efficient organic solar cells with thick active layers. Nature Communications, 13, 2369.

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Organic Photovoltaic Materials Characterization

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PEDOT:PSS (HC Stark CleviosAI4083) and PC₇₁BM were purchased from Ossila Ltd. The polymer PffBT4T-2OD has the chemical structure shown in Fig. 1(a), Mn = 54,900 g.mol⁻¹ and Mw = 117,800 g.mol⁻¹ and was purchased from California Organic Semiconductor Inc. The solvents used were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (chlorobenzene (CB), o-dichlorobenzene (DCB) and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)) and were all high purity grade.

Zhang Y., Parnell A.J., Pontecchiani F., Cooper J.F., Thompson R.L., Jones R.A., King S.M., Lidzey D.G, & Bernardo G. (2017). Understanding and controlling morphology evolution via DIO plasticization in PffBT4T-2OD/PC71BM devices. Scientific Reports, 7, 44269.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Nanomaterials

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The solution of AgNPs (60 nm in diameter) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The solution of AgNWs (80 nm in diameter and 20-30 μm in length) was ordered from BlueNano Company (Cornelius, NC, USA). EG layers dispersed in N-Methyl pyrrolidone solution at a concentration of 4 mg mL -1 was purchased from XFNANO (Nanjing, China). The lateral size of EG was estimated to be 0.5-3 μm, while the thickness was measured to be 0.3-2 nm. Super Yellow (SY) was purchased from Xi 'an Polymer Light Technology Corp. Poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) aqueous solution of Clevios PVP 4083 were purchased from Heraeus, Germany. The small-molecular material Liq was obtained from e-Ray Optoelectronics Corp. Chlorobenzene and 1,8-diiodooctane were ordered from Sigma Aldrich.

Wu S., Li Y., Lian H., Lévêque G., Grandidier B., Adam P.M., Gérard D., Bachelot R., Xu T, & Wei B. (2020). Hybrid nanostructured plasmonic electrodes for flexible organic light-emitting diodes. Nanotechnology, 31(37).

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