The surface morphologies of the fabricated bubble conductors were observed using an optical microscope (OM; BX60M, OLYMPUS) equipped with a CCD module. A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM; S4700, HITACHI) was used to characterize the detailed morphologies of the air bubbles and CNT networks in the conductors. The stress-strain relationships of the bare conductor and bubble conductor were examined using an automatic testing stand (JSV-H1000, JISC) equipped with a digital push-pull force gauge (HF-10, JISC). All stretching tests were performed using a custom-made jig while monitoring the change in the electrical resistance using a digital multimeter (U1253B, Agilent Technologies). The electrical resistances of the conductors under stretching were recorded after imposing a stabilization time of 20 s in each strained state.
Bx60m
Manufactured by Olympus
Sourced in Japan
The BX60M is a microscope system designed for routine laboratory use. It features high-quality optics and a sturdy construction to provide reliable performance. The core function of the BX60M is to enable users to observe and examine samples at various magnifications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
S 4700, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Xe 100, by Park Systems (1 mentions)
Pancreatin, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Pepsin, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Sinopharm (1 mentions)
T630sc, by Teledyne (1 mentions)
Periscan pim 3, by Perimed (1 mentions)
Jsm 5400, by JEOL (1 mentions)
8 protocols using bx60m
1
Characterization of Bubble Conductor Morphology
2
Bond Strength of Fiber Posts
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For the bond strength test, each slice was positioned in a metallic device with a central opening (diameter of 3 mm) larger than the canal's diameter. The coronal side of the slice was placed in contact with the metallic device. Then, a cylindrical metal tip (diameter of 0.8 mm) applied a load on the fiber post until failure. The push-out bond strength test was performed on a universal testing machine (EMIC, São José dos Pinhais, SP, Brazil) at a 0.5 mm/min crosshead speed. The bond strength values were obtained in megapascals (MPa) using the formula described in Valandro et al.
15 . All measurements were obtained using a digital caliper.
Each slice was analyzed using an optical microscope (Olympus, BX60M, Tokyo, Japan) at 40× magnification by two researchers (R.N, C.D.J) to classify failure patterns. A third researcher (R.A.R.) performed the slice analysis in case of disagreement. The failure patterns were classified as follows: predominantly adhesive cement/dentin - if the cement detached from the dentin; predominantly adhesive cement/post - if the cement detached from the post; dentin cohesive - if the failure occurred within the dentin; cement cohesive - if the failure occurred within the cement; and post cohesive - if the failure occurred within the post
16 (link).
15 . All measurements were obtained using a digital caliper.
Each slice was analyzed using an optical microscope (Olympus, BX60M, Tokyo, Japan) at 40× magnification by two researchers (R.N, C.D.J) to classify failure patterns. A third researcher (R.A.R.) performed the slice analysis in case of disagreement. The failure patterns were classified as follows: predominantly adhesive cement/dentin - if the cement detached from the dentin; predominantly adhesive cement/post - if the cement detached from the post; dentin cohesive - if the failure occurred within the dentin; cement cohesive - if the failure occurred within the cement; and post cohesive - if the failure occurred within the post
16 (link).
3
Characterizing MoS2 Flakes via AFM and Optical Microscopy
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM, XE100, Park Systems), and optical microscopy (BX60M, Olympus) were used to characterize the thickness of the MoS2 flakes. Electrical measurements were performed under vacuum conditions (10 mTorr) using a physical properties measurement system (PPMS) in the temperature range 100–300 K. The photoelectrical properties of the MoS2 devices were investigated under visible-wavelength laser (405 ≤ λ ≤ 655 nm, DELOS) irradiation and under vacuum condition at room temperature.
4
Mg-2Zn Wires: Fabrication and Characterization
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Mg-2Zn (wt.%, the chemical composition is shown in Table 1 ) wires, developed by our research group [[37] (link), [38] (link), [39] (link)] and produced by Suzhou Jingjun New Materials Technology Co. Ltd. China, with a diameter of 1.0 mm were used in this study. The experimental specimens were first ultrasonically cleaned for 5 min in acetone, then polished in a solution consisting of 1 ml nitric acid, 1 ml hydrogen peroxide, and 100 ml distilled water for 1 min. Finally, they were cleaned for 5 min in ethanol ultrasonically and dried under the excitation of UV light in the biosafety cabinet. The surface morphology and microstructure of the wire were observed by a Sirion200 field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI, Japan) with an acceleration voltage of 20 kV and spot size of 4, and optical metallographic microscopy (BX60 M, Olympus, Japan) as shown in Fig. S1 , from which it is clear that original wire surface is smooth and uniform. For preparing the various solutions, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, pepsin, and pancreatin were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. China.Table 1
Chemical composition of Mg-2Zn.
| Composition（wt.%） | Zn | Ca | Al | Mn | Si | Cu | Fe | Ni | Mg |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mg-2Zn | 2.3033 | 0.0032 | 0.0407 | 0.0250 | 0.0289 | 0.0008 | 0.0079 | 0.0024 | Bal |
5
Use-Wear Analysis of Chert Stone Tools
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We report a study of use-wear on 20 chert stone tools mapped during sea-floor survey. Diagnostic Late to Terminal Classic Belize Red incised dishes and Warrie Red unit-stamped jars (figures 3.28–3.29 and 3.35 in ref. 1 ) were mapped at the sites. Radiocarbon dates confirm the ages of the sites (Table 1 ). Posts mark the outlines of rectangular structures at site 77 (5 × 6 m and 2.5 × 4 m), including a chert tool from structure 77B (table 1 and figure 2 in ref. 18 ).
The artifacts were examined under high-power microscopy to identify patterns of striations and polish that indicate a variety of activities, based on previous use-wear experiments using a range of worked materials on replicas of Maya stone tools (20 –22 (no links found); SI Appendix, Figs. S1 and S2 ). The instrument used in the study was a metallurgical microscope (Olympus BX60M) with 50–500× magnification and an incident-light attachment. Magnification of 200× was most frequently used. Use-wear patterns were documented with an Olympus photomicrographic system PD-20 attached to a digital camera.
All data are available in the manuscript or theSI Appendix . The artifacts are housed at Louisiana State University.
The artifacts were examined under high-power microscopy to identify patterns of striations and polish that indicate a variety of activities, based on previous use-wear experiments using a range of worked materials on replicas of Maya stone tools (20 –
All data are available in the manuscript or the
6
Evaluation of Polymeric Micro-Patterned Heaters
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The structure of the fabricated heater was investigated using an optical microscope (OM; BX60M, Olympus). A computer-interfaced motorized stage (JSV-H100, JISC) was used to apply tensile strain to the device while recording the corresponding force and electrical resistance (R) using a push–pull force gauge (HF-10, JISC) and digital multimeter (34465A, Keysight Technologies), respectively. The electrothermal properties of the PMP heaters were evaluated and analyzed using a thermal imaging camera (T630sc, FLIR). A direct current power supply (K1205, Vupower) was used to apply the input voltage to the device. A four-point probe (CMT-SR2000N, Advanced Instrument Technology) was used to measure the sheet resistance (Rs) of the Al foil laminated with a PET sheet.
Blood perfusion at the wrist of a volunteer, in the initial and heated states, was measured (15 × 15 mm2) using a laser Doppler imaging (LDI) system (PeriScan PIM3, Perimed AB). The LDI system basically evaluates the Doppler shift related to the velocity of the blood cells, which occurs when a transmitted laser beam reacts with moving blood cells. The measurement in the heated state was performed by heating the wrist for 10 min and scanning it using a wearable PMP heating band at an applied voltage of 2.5 V.
Blood perfusion at the wrist of a volunteer, in the initial and heated states, was measured (15 × 15 mm2) using a laser Doppler imaging (LDI) system (PeriScan PIM3, Perimed AB). The LDI system basically evaluates the Doppler shift related to the velocity of the blood cells, which occurs when a transmitted laser beam reacts with moving blood cells. The measurement in the heated state was performed by heating the wrist for 10 min and scanning it using a wearable PMP heating band at an applied voltage of 2.5 V.
7
Optical Microscopy of Film Samples
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Small pieces (2 cm  1 cm) of each film were mounted onto glass slides, examined using an optical microscope (Olympus BX60M, Japan) at 50 and photographed with a video camera imaging system (Olympus IMAGE RS). At least three microphotographs of each system were taken.
8
Evaluating Dental Adhesive Failures
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Failure mode evaluations were performed for all the pushed-out specimens under an optical microscope (Olympus, BX60M, Japan) with 200x magnification. Failures were classified as: adhesive at interface dentin and cement (Adhes DC); adhesive at post and cement (Adhes PC); cohesive of post (Cohes P); cohesive of dentin (Cohes D); or cohesive of resin cement (Cohes C). Representative fractures were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (JEOL-JSM-5400, Jeol Ltd, Tokyo, Japan). Cohesive fractures were not used for bond strength calculation, because they did not express the real values of bond strength.
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