Uv 3600 plus uv vis nir spectrophotometer

Redox properties and HOMO and LUMO energy levels were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a 5 × 10^–4 M solution of BX dyes in 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate, acting as supporting electrolyte, in acetonitrile. A 25 ml measuring solution was poured into a 50 ml conical shape electrochemical vessel and bubbled with 5.0 N Ar for deaeration. The measurements were performed in a three-electrode setup with a 0.0314 cm² glassy carbon (GC) working electrode, a Pt spring counter electrode, and Pt wire as a pseudoreference electrode. The working electrode potential was normalized against Fc/Fc⁺ redox couple as the intersolvental standard recommended by IUPAC^{46 (link)}. The GC electrode surface was restored before every measurement series and, whenever necessary, by mechanical polishing with artificial diamond powder on the wet polishing cloth. The CV curves have been registered on a Gamry Interface 1010 E potentiostat–galvanostat.
UV–Vis absorption spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus UV–Vis–NIR Spectrophotometer in a 1 cm path-length quartz cell using 10^–5 M acetonitrile solutions of investigated dyes.

Fluorescence measurements were carried out using a Horiba-Jobin Yvon Fluorolog 3 spectrofluorimeter (HORIBA Jobin Yvon IBH Ltd., Glasgow, UK), equipped with double excitation and emission monochromators, Glan-Thompson polarizers (HORIBA Jobin Yvon IBH Ltd., Glasgow, UK), and a temperature-controlled cuvette holder. Fluorescence emission spectra were corrected for the instrumental response of the system. The excitation of the hydrogelator was set at 280 nm, and the emission spectrum was collected between 290 nm and 600 nm with a slit of 6 nm in both excitation and emission. Absorption spectra were recorded in a Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan).
The fluorescence quantum yield, ${\Phi }_s$ , can be determined by Equation (7) (standard method) [36 (link),37 (link)],
${\Phi }_s=\frac{\left(A_r{F}_s{n}_s^2\right)}{\left(A_s{F}_r{n}_r^2\right)}{\Phi }_r$
where A is the absorbance at the excitation wavelength, F is the integrated emission area, and n is the refraction index of the solvents. Subscripts r and s refer to the reference and sample compound, respectively. The absorbance value at excitation wavelength was always less than 0.1 in order to avoid inner filter effects. L-Tryptophan in aqueous buffer solution (pH = 7.2) was used as a reference ( ${\Phi }_r$ = 0.14 at 25 °C) [38 (link)].

The galacturonic acid (GalA) content of samples was measured using the sulfamate/m-hydroxydiphenyl method developed by Filisetti-Cozzi and Carpita [14 (link)] and Melton and Smith [15 (link)]. Sample preparation was made according to Miceli-Garcia [16 ] and Dranca and Oroian [17 (link)]. The absorbance for each sample was read at 525 nm against the reageant control with a UV-3600 Plus UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan).

X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed using a conventional PAN’alytical X’Pert PRO diffractometer (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, UK), operating with CuK_α radiation, in a Bragg–Brentano configuration. The absorption spectra were recorded in a Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). A 150 mm integrating sphere (ISR-1503), with three detectors, was used for reflectance measurements of coated and uncoated leather.

¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra were obtained on a Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer (Bruker BioSpin, Fällanden, Switzerland). Mass spectrometry was performed with Thermo TSQ Endura Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Fisher, Frederick, MD, USA). UV absorption spectra were recorded on Shimadzu UV−3600 Plus UV−VIS−NIR Spectrophotometer (Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). Fluorescence spectra were acquired with a FluoroMax−4 fluorescence photometer (Horiba Scientific, Kyoto, Japan). Cell imaging was performed by a ZEISS LSM 800 Confocal Laser Scanning (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) Microscope. Milli−Q water was applied in all experiments.

The morphology and elemental composition of the greenly synthesized TiO₂ NPs were studied by scanning electron micrographs and X-Ray energy dispersion spectra, respectively, obtained with a JSM-6610-LV microscope, JEOL. Structural analysis of samples was performed using X-ray diffraction patterns collected in a D8 Avance A25 Bruker X-Ray diffractometer equipped with CuKα radiation. Textural properties of titania samples were determined by the N₂ thermal adsorption measurements using TriStar II-3020 equipment, Micromeritics. Before the analysis, the samples were dried under vacuum (10^–3 torr) at 300 °C for 3 h using a VacPrep 061-Sample degas system, Micromeritics. Obtained isotherms were analyzed via the Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) models for the surface area and porosity determination, respectively. The optical characterization of the powder samples was determined by UV–Vis spectroscopy in diffuse reflectance mode using an UV-3600 Plus UV–VIS-NIR spectrophotometer, Shimadzu, equipped with an integrating sphere. The samples were placed in a quartz cell with 2 mm in the light path for the measurement. The electronic state of prepared samples was studied by the XPS technique with a PHOIBOS spectrometer, SPECS, with 150 WAL hemispherical energy analyzer and a monochromatic source (AlKα Xray, 1486.6 eV).