AGS cells were seeded overnight to reach 80% confluency. The H. pylori was harvested and suspended in antibiotic-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, and then added to the AGS cell culture at a 50 : 1 ratio of bacterium : AGS cells. AGS cells (1.0 × 105/mL) were pre-treated with 5 or 10 μM β-carotene (dissolved in tetrahydrofuran [17 ]) for 2 hours prior to the addition of the H. pylori. The infected cells were incubated for an additional 6 hours for determination of the levels of p-GSK3β, GSK3β, and β-catenin or 24 hours for determination of cell viability and the levels of c-myc and cyclin E) in the presence of H. pylori. The 5 and 10 μM β-carotene concentrations used in the pre-treatment are reportedly nontoxic [20 (link),21 (link)].
Bbl campy pouch system
The BBL Campy Pouch® System is a laboratory equipment product designed for the isolation and identification of Campylobacter species. It provides a controlled atmosphere for the growth and detection of Campylobacter bacteria.
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H. pylori Infection in AGS Cells
AGS cells were seeded overnight to reach 80% confluency. The H. pylori was harvested and suspended in antibiotic-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, and then added to the AGS cell culture at a 50 : 1 ratio of bacterium : AGS cells. AGS cells (1.0 × 105/mL) were pre-treated with 5 or 10 μM β-carotene (dissolved in tetrahydrofuran [17 ]) for 2 hours prior to the addition of the H. pylori. The infected cells were incubated for an additional 6 hours for determination of the levels of p-GSK3β, GSK3β, and β-catenin or 24 hours for determination of cell viability and the levels of c-myc and cyclin E) in the presence of H. pylori. The 5 and 10 μM β-carotene concentrations used in the pre-treatment are reportedly nontoxic [20 (link),21 (link)].
Helicobacter pylori Strain Cultivation
Cultivation of Virulent H. pylori Strain
H. pylori, strain NCTC 11637, was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (Rockville, MD). The genotype of this bacterium is cagA+ and vacA+ and was inoculated on chocolate agar plates (Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, USA) at 37°C under microaerophilic conditions using an anaerobic chamber (BBL Campy Pouch System, Becton Dickinson Microbiology Systems) [28 ].
Cytotoxic H. pylori Infection Assay
Infecting AGS Cells with H. pylori
Co-culture of H. pylori and AGS Cells
AGS cells were seeded and cultured overnight to reach 80% confluency. Prior to H. pylori infection, the cells were washed once with culture medium containing no antibiotics. Whole H. pylori was suspended in antibiotic-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and then treated to the AGS cells. The ratio of AGS cell: H. pylori was 1:100. The ratio of AGS cell: H. pylori, 1:100, was adapted from our previous study showing high expression of IL-8 in gastric epithelial AGS cells infected with H. pylori, NCTC11637 [30 (link)].
Culturing Helicobacter pylori on Chocolate Agar
H. pylori Infection of AGS Cells
H. pylori Infection of AGS Cells
AGS cells were seeded and cultured overnight to reach 80% confluency. Prior to H. pylori infection, the cells were washed with antibiotic-free culture medium. H. pylori cells were harvested from the chocolate agar plates, suspended in antibiotic-free RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, and then added to the AGS cells.
Helicobacter pylori Infection Model in AGS Cells
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