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30 protocols using dfc500 camera

1

Microscopic Imaging Techniques

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Fluorescent and bright field images were taken using a Leica DM5000B with a Leica DFC500 camera. For confocal images, a Leica SP5 Upright Confocal was used.
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2

Fungal Morphology Characterization on PDA

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Colony characteristics of cultures on a ½-potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) medium were photographed after 14 d of incubation at 25 °C. The fungal morphology was recorded from colonies grown in the dark for 14 d at 25 °C on PDA. Fungal structures were examined in lactic acid on slide mounts under a Leica DM5500B compound microscope (Wetzlar, Germany) with Nomarski differential interference contrast illumination, and images were captured with a Leica DFC 500 camera. Measurements of at least 30 conidia and other fungal structures were taken at 1000× magnification. Novel species were registered in MycoBank [33 ].
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3

Microscopy and Measurement Protocols for Solenysa reflexlis

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Specimens were examined and measured by using a Leica MZ16A stereo microscope. Further details, such as epigynes, were studied with a Leica DM5500B compound microscope. Digital images were taken with a Leica DFC 500 camera and as a composite of multiple focus images assembled using the software package Leica Application Suite. Epigynes were cleared in methyl salicylate (Holm 1979 ) for examination under the microscope and temporarily mounted as described by Grandjean (1949) and Coddington (1983) . SEM images were taken by using a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope at China Agriculture University. For SEM examination, the PageBreakspecimens were prepared as described by Álvarez-Padilla and Hormiga (2008) . The non-chitinous abdominal tissue was digested with Sigma Pancreatin LP 1750 enzyme complex to expose the internal structures for examination. Due to the unavailability of specimen, no SEM image provided for the male palp of Solenysareflexlis.
All measurements are given in millimeters. The leg measurements are given in the following sequence: Total (femur, patella+tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Terminology for the genital characters follows Tu and Hormiga (2011) . The specimens examined here have been deposited in the Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan (NSMT) and in College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing (China).
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Biofilm Imaging via Confocal Microscopy

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Biofilms were observed using Leica SPE-II confocal microscopy (Leica) by washing the coupons with PBS and staining the cells with SYTO9 (100 µM) and PI (100 µM) with 5 min incubation in the dark. Biofilms were observed using Leica SPE-II confocal microscopy (Leica) under 60× magnification and the images were obtained with a Leica DFC500 camera and Leica LAS AF software.
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5

Myeloid Progenitor Colony Assay

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FACS purified myeloid progenitor cells were resuspended in Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium (IMDM) then added to methylcellulose containing the cytokines GM-CSF, EPO, interleukin-3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF) (Methocult, H4434; Stem Cell Technologies) and plated in triplicate into 35 mm Petri dishes (1.1 mL/dish). The plates were incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in a humidified environment for 10–16 days. Colony formation was observed using a MZFLIII microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and photographed with a DFC500 camera attached (Leica).
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6

Fluorescence and Bright Field Imaging of Embryos

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Live and fixed embryos, for both fluorescence and bright field, were mounted in 3% methylcellulose and 100% glycerol, respectively, and imaged and documented with Leica MZ16F microscope and Leica DFC500 camera.
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7

Fungal Colony and Morphology Analysis

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Colony characteristics of cultures on ½-potato dextrose agar (PDA; Difco Laboratories, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA.) medium were recorded after 7 d incubation at 25 °C. Fungal morphology was recorded from colonies grown in the dark for 14 d at 25 °C on PDA as well as on autoclaved pine needles on water agar. Fungal structures were examined in lactic acid on slide mounts under a Leica DM5500B compound microscope (Wetzlar, Germany) with Nomarski differential interference contrast illumination, and images were taken with a Leica DFC 500 camera. Measurements of at least 30 conidia and other fungal structures were taken at 1000× magnification. Novel species were registered in MycoBank [35 ].
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8

Quantifying Ocular Neural Crest Cells

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Whole embryos were analyzed using a M205FA combi-scope (Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH, Germany, Wetzler, Germany). Images were obtained using brightfield DFC290 (Leica) and fluorescent ORCA-ER (Hamamatsu, Hamamatsu City, Japan) cameras. The sections were imaged using a DM6000B upright microscope (Leica) equipped with a DFC500 camera (Leica). The images were processed and analyzed using Adobe Photoshop (San Jose, CA, USA), LAS X (Leica) and/or LAS AF6000 software (Leica). The images shown are representative of all experiments. For quantifying the number of foxd3-positive periocular mesenchymal and ocular neural crest cells, z-stacks that ranged from the lateral edge of the cornea to 100 μm medial to the medial edge of the eye were obtained. The z-stacks were deconvolved and maximally projected in order to obtain a single image. The number of foxd3-positive cells was manually counted. Eye size was measured from the dorsal to ventral border in a lateral view and from the anterior to posterior border in a ventral view. Measurements were obtained from bilateral eyes of 4–6 embryos at each time point for each group. The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc analysis, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.
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9

Biofilm Quantification Using Confocal Microscopy

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Biofilms on coupons were stained by adding 10 μL of PI (100 μM/L) and SYTO 9 (100 μM/mL) on their surface and incubated in the dark for 5 min. The samples were gently covered with a coverslip and were observed at room temperature using a Leica SPE-II confocal microscope (Leica) equipped with solid-state lasers for excitation. Images were acquired under × 60 magnification oil immersion objective lens with a Leica DFC500 camera and Leica LAS AF software at a 1-μm interval through the biofilms and five image stacks, each representing a different field of view on the coupon. Samples were excited using a 488 nm laser and fluorescence was detected at 617 nm (PI) and 503 nm (SYTO 9). The thickness (μm) of biofilms was measured using the Leica LAS AF software. The confocal images were Z-stacks of optical sections using 512 × 512-pixel resolution tagged image file format. From the Z-stacks of the 3D biofilm structure the biomass volume (μm3 / μm2) was calculated using COMSTAT software (Heydorn et al. 2000 (link); Vorregaard 2008 ) and the percentage of live/dead cells was determined.
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10

Rearing and Identifying Mud Nest Inhabitants

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Unknown larvae inside mud nests were reared to adults by placing them inside an empty Petri dish at room temperature until emergence, when they were euthanised at −20 °C and mounted using insect pins. Forty-three nests contained dead, nearly untouched spider prey and were analysed for prey preference. Spider body length was measured from the anterior of the cephalothorax to posterior abdomen, and leg span was measured with the longest pair of legs spread out, perpendicularly to the body. After measurement, spiders were preserved in 85% ethanol and identified with the online key to Australian jumping spiders (https://apps.lucidcentral.org/salticidae/text/intro/index.html (accessed on 28 May 2019)).
Specimen images were taken with a Leica DFC500 camera mounted on a Leica M205C microscope. Raw images were then aligned and stacked using the Leica Application Suite (LAS) V4.9. and Helicon Focus 5.3. software. Insect specimens were identified at the family level using the CSIRO online guide to Australian insect families and narrowed down to genera and species level using taxonomic literature [6 ,20 ,21 ,22 ,23 ,24 ,25 (link)] and the assistance of entomologists of specialized fields.
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