Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the right first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle with Ag/AgCl disposable electrodes (CareFusion Inc., WI, USA) placed in a tendon–belly montage. The EMG signal was recorded in DC mode with a Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier (Charlotte, NC), amplified (gain of 10), digitized at 5000 Hz and stored for offline analysis (Darling et al. 2006 (link)). A ground electrode was placed over the right ulnar styloid when EMG alone was recorded. A forehead ground was used when EEG and EMG were recorded simultaneously. Peak-to-peak amplitude of the motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) was measured.
Neuroscan synamps2 amplifier
Manufactured by Compumedics
Sourced in United States
The Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier is a high-performance data acquisition system designed for neurophysiological research. It provides scalable, multi-channel amplification and signal conditioning for a variety of neuroimaging modalities, including EEG, ERP, and evoked potentials. The SynAmps2 offers advanced features such as high-resolution analog-to-digital conversion and low-noise performance to facilitate reliable data collection and analysis.
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Lab products found in correlation
Neuroscan synamps2 quick cap, by Compumedics (2 mentions)
Ag agcl electrodes, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
Scan 4, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
Neuroscan, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
Synamps2 amplifier, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
Hd 280 pro, by Sennheiser (1 mentions)
Quik cap, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
Neuroscan quik cap, by Compumedics (1 mentions)
24 protocols using neuroscan synamps2 amplifier
1
Measuring Motor-Evoked Potentials via EMG
2
EEG Recording for Neuroscience Research
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EEG was continuously recorded (500 Hz sampling rate; Neuroscan Synamps2 amplifier) from 19 cap-mounted Ag/AgCl electrodes (Electro-Cap International) referenced to the right mastoid and placed according to the 10–20 System (impedance < 5 Ω). EOG was recorded from bipolar electrode arrays.
3
Continuous EEG Recording Protocol
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Continuous EEG data were collected from each participant pre- and post-NITESGON procedures. The data were collected using a 64-channel Neuroscan Synamps2 Quick Cap configured per the International 10–20 placement system with the midline reference located at the vertex and the ground electrode located at AFZ using the Neuroscan Scan 4.5 software (Neuroscan, http://compumedicsneuroscan.com ). The impedance on each electrode was maintained at less than 5 kΩ. The data were sampled using the Neuroscan Synamps2 amplifier at 500 Hz with online band-pass filtering at 0.1–100 Hz.
Eyes-closed recordings (sampling rate = 1 kHz, band passed DC–200 Hz) were obtained in a dark room which was dimly lit with a small lamp with each participant sitting upright in a comfortable chair; data collection lasted approximately 5 min. Participants were instructed not to drink alcohol 24 hr prior to EEG recording or caffeinated beverages 1 hr before recording to avoid alcohol- or caffeine-induced changes in the EEG stream. The alertness of participants was checked by monitoring both slowing of the alpha rhythm and appearance of spindles in the EEG stream to prevent possible enhancement of the theta power due to drowsiness during recording (Moazami-Goudarzi et al., 2010 (link)). No participants included in the current study showed such EEG changes during measurements.
Eyes-closed recordings (sampling rate = 1 kHz, band passed DC–200 Hz) were obtained in a dark room which was dimly lit with a small lamp with each participant sitting upright in a comfortable chair; data collection lasted approximately 5 min. Participants were instructed not to drink alcohol 24 hr prior to EEG recording or caffeinated beverages 1 hr before recording to avoid alcohol- or caffeine-induced changes in the EEG stream. The alertness of participants was checked by monitoring both slowing of the alpha rhythm and appearance of spindles in the EEG stream to prevent possible enhancement of the theta power due to drowsiness during recording (Moazami-Goudarzi et al., 2010 (link)). No participants included in the current study showed such EEG changes during measurements.
4
EEG Recording and Analysis Protocol
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A 64-channel Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier recorded brain electrical activity with a sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz (Neuroscan Inc., United States). EEG was recorded continuously by Ag/AgCl-electrodes mounted in an elastic cap, with those electrode sites according to the 10–20 electrode placement system. Scalp recordings were referenced online to the electrode between Cz and CPz and re-referenced to the average of the left and right mastoids through offline analysis. The vertical electrooculogram (VEOG) data were recorded from electrodes above and below the left eye. The horizontal electrooculogram (HEOG) data were monitored by placing electrodes at the outer canthi of both eyes. EEG data were collected with all electrode impedances kept below 10 kΩ. Offline data analyses were conducted using the EEGLAB toolbox of MATLAB R2013b. The continuous EEG signals were filtered using a band-pass filter from 0.5 to 40 Hz with a notch filter at 50 Hz. Filtered data were segmented into epochs of –200 to 800 ms after the stimulus and baseline-corrected relative to an interval of –200 to 0 ms for ERP analyses. Eye movement artifacts were removed using independent component analysis (ICA). Trials contaminated with large artifacts (peak to peak deflection exceeding 80 μV) were excluded.
5
Auditory Oddball and P3b EEG Protocol
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Continuous EEG data were collected from each participant in response to the auditory oddball paradigm, before and after the application of NITESGON. The auditory oddball task is a simple and well-established paradigm for the investigation of the robust P3b component which has a predictable standard tone and an unpredictable deviant tone (Murphy et al., 2011 (link)). The data were collected using a 64-channel Neuroscan Synamps2 Quick Cap configured per the International 10–20 placement system with the midline reference located at the vertex and the ground electrode located at AFZ using the Neuroscan Scan 4.5 software. The impedance on each electrode was maintained at less than 5 kΩ. The data were sampled using the Neuroscan Synamps2 amplifier at 500 Hz with online band-pass filtering at 0.1–100 Hz. Data were preprocessed using Matlab and EEGLAB in a manner similar to the original paper that showed a relationship between ERP and LC–noradrenergic arousal function (Murphy et al., 2011 (link)).
6
Scalp EEG Recording and Processing Protocol
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A 64-channel Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier recorded brain electrical activity with a sampling frequency of 1,000 Hz (Neuroscan Inc., United States). Scalp recordings were referenced online to the electrode between Cz and CPz and re-referenced to the average of the left and right mastoids through offline algebraic computations. The vertical electrooculogram (VEOG) data were recorded from electrodes above and below the left eye. The horizontal electrooculogram (HEOG) data were monitored by placing electrodes at the outer canthi of both eyes. EEG data were collected with all electrode impedances kept below 5 kΩ.
Offline data analyses were conducted using the EEGLAB toolbox of MATLAB R2020a (Hruby and Marsalek, 2002 ). The continuous EEG signals were filtered using a band-pass filter from 0.1 to 30 Hz. Filtered data were segmented into epochs of -200 to 800 ms after the stimulus and baseline-corrected relative to an interval of -200 to 0 ms for ERP analyses. Eye movement artifacts were removed using independent component analysis (ICA). Trials contaminated with large artifacts (peak to peak deflection exceeding 75 μV) were excluded.
Offline data analyses were conducted using the EEGLAB toolbox of MATLAB R2020a (Hruby and Marsalek, 2002 ). The continuous EEG signals were filtered using a band-pass filter from 0.1 to 30 Hz. Filtered data were segmented into epochs of -200 to 800 ms after the stimulus and baseline-corrected relative to an interval of -200 to 0 ms for ERP analyses. Eye movement artifacts were removed using independent component analysis (ICA). Trials contaminated with large artifacts (peak to peak deflection exceeding 75 μV) were excluded.
7
EEG Data Collection Protocol
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Stimulus presentation and behavioral response data (reaction time, accuracy) were controlled and recorded using E-prime 2.0 software. Electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected using a Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier with a 64-channel Ag/AgCl electrode cap following the standardized 10-20 system. Continuous EEG signals were recorded and analyzed offline using NeuroScan 4.5 software. During EEG recording, an average reference was applied, and bipolar electrodes were used to capture horizontal eye movements and vertical eye movements. The data were sampled at a rate of 500 Hz in direct current mode and filtered with a bandpass of 0.05 to 100 Hz. Electrode impedance was maintained below 5 kΩ throughout the data collection process.
8
EEG Analysis of Mental Fatigue
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The resting EEG data were recorded four times during the mental or physical mental task when the participant (with eyes open) was seated without any obvious mental or physical activities as in Figure 1C : one (t0) before the task and the other three (t1, t2, and t3) after each fatigue-inducing session (shown in Figure 1A ). In this way, the mental fatigue caused by mental or physical-mental tasks remained and there was no EMG disturbance in t0, t1, t2, and t3.
EEG data were collected with a Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier (sampling rate: 1,000 Hz). The electrodes were placed on the scalp according to the extension of the international 10–20 electrode positioning system (47 (link)) with the reference at right mastoid. Eye movements and blinks were monitored by recording the horizontal and vertical Electrooculogram (EOG) with two bipolar pairs of electrodes. The EEG data in F3, F4, FZ, C3, C4, CZ, P3, P4, PZ, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, and OZ were analyzed in this study. These channels were selected as the representing channels from the frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital individually. The channels of F3, F4, FZ, C3, C4, CZ, P3, P4, and PZ are determined based on a coherence analysis during mental fatigue (31 (link)), and T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, and OZ are supplemented for temporal and occipital areas.
EEG data were collected with a Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier (sampling rate: 1,000 Hz). The electrodes were placed on the scalp according to the extension of the international 10–20 electrode positioning system (47 (link)) with the reference at right mastoid. Eye movements and blinks were monitored by recording the horizontal and vertical Electrooculogram (EOG) with two bipolar pairs of electrodes. The EEG data in F3, F4, FZ, C3, C4, CZ, P3, P4, PZ, T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, and OZ were analyzed in this study. These channels were selected as the representing channels from the frontal, central, parietal, temporal and occipital individually. The channels of F3, F4, FZ, C3, C4, CZ, P3, P4, and PZ are determined based on a coherence analysis during mental fatigue (31 (link)), and T3, T4, T5, T6, O1, O2, and OZ are supplemented for temporal and occipital areas.
9
EEG Recording and Analysis of Visual Perception
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EEG activity was recorded continuously with scalp impedance constrained to be 5 kΩ or below throughout the recording session using Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier and 64 electrodes fitted on a Quick Cap based on the international 10–20 system. An electrode was placed on the participant's nose as the reference channel. Vertical EOG (VEOG) was recorded in 2 electrodes placed above and below the left eye respectively, while horizontal EOG (HEOG) was recorded by two electrodes placed at the bilateral outer canthi of eyes. EEG Recordings were sampled at a rate of 1,000 Hz and filtered off-line using a 40-Hz low-pass (zero-phase) and segmented into 650-ms epochs comprised of a 100-ms pre-stimulus baseline and a 550-ms post-stimulus interval, which was chosen to minimize speech contamination. Segments containing artifacts exceeding ± 100 µV were rejected before averaging. In each condition, mean amplitude ERPs for target pictures were computed.
10
EEG Recording of Spatial Working Memory
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Participants were seated in a normally illuminated room. During the WM task, electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded continuously from 64 scalp locations which were distributed according to the international 10–20 system using Ag/AgCl electrodes (Neuroscan Inc., USA), with an on-line reference to the left mastoid. Signals were re-reference to the average of the left and right mastoid through off-line algebraic computations. Vertical eye movements were monitored by placing electrodes at 1 cm from the outer canthi of each eye, while the horizontal eye movements were monitored by placing electrodes above and below the left eye. Impedance was kept below 5 kΩ. The EEG signals were amplified by a Neuroscan SynAmps2 amplifier (Neuroscan Inc., USA) with a bandpass filter of 0.05–100 Hz and digitized at 1000 Hz.
The EEG data were processed offline by Scan 4.3 software (Neuroscan, USA). Ocular artifacts were removed from the EEG signals using a regression procedure built into the Neuroscan software61 (link). The data were digitally lowpass filtered with 30 Hz, and were epoched into periods of 1000 ms (including a 200 ms pre-stimulus baseline) time-locked to the onset of stimuli. Trials with artifacts were rejected using a criterion of ±100 μV.
The EEG data were processed offline by Scan 4.3 software (Neuroscan, USA). Ocular artifacts were removed from the EEG signals using a regression procedure built into the Neuroscan software61 (link). The data were digitally lowpass filtered with 30 Hz, and were epoched into periods of 1000 ms (including a 200 ms pre-stimulus baseline) time-locked to the onset of stimuli. Trials with artifacts were rejected using a criterion of ±100 μV.
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