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24 protocols using mos2 powder

1

Preparation of VA-MoS2 and PO-MoS2 Electrodes

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VA-MoS2 was used without further treatment by cutting disks from the foil. MoS2 powder (Sigma-Aldrich, <2 μm, 99%) was laminated onto a roughened copper foil (Oxygenfree, SE-Cu58, Schlenk Metallfolien GmbH & Co. KG) to yield PO-MoS2. The powder was brushed evenly over the surface (binder-free electrode: PO-MoS2). The slurry was made with 70% MoS2 powder (Sigma-Aldrich, <2 μm, 99%), 10% carbon black and 20% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) from N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP). The slurry was stirred overnight and then spread with a hand coater (wire rod diameter of 0.05 mm) on the Cu foil.
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2

Molybdenum Disulfide Ink Fabrication

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Molybdenum disulfide ink was prepared by sonication-assisted exfoliation.
Briefly, 400 mg of MoS2 powder (<2 mm, 99%, Aldrich)
was dispersed in 250 mL of a 7:3 volume of deionized water and isopropyl
alcohol. The exfoliation of MoS2 in suspension was performed
using an ultrasonic probe processer for 3 hours (Sonics Vibra-Cell
VCX 2500). After sonication, the dispersion was centrifuged at 2500
rpm for 20 minutes to remove the residue/precipitate, and the yellowish-green
supernatant containing the nanoflakes was collected, as described
by Coleman and collaborators.38 (link) This supernatant
was stable for six months. The UV–visible spectra of exfoliated
MoS2 are shown in the Support Information. The MoS2 sensor film was deposited using an aerosol
deposition method employing a 0.2 mm airbrush pen (Importway). Briefly,
20 mL of MoS2 ink was uniformly sprayed by the airbrush
in an area of 50 × 4 mm2 in a copper-clad phenolic
sheet or using a PET flexible substrate containing Au/Cr interdigital
electrodes (IDEs) previously deposited. During the spraying process,
the substrates were kept at 80 °C for rapid evaporation of water
from the ink.
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3

Exfoliation and Characterization of MoS2

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Exfoliation of MoS2 was done for a 1 g MoS2 powder (Aldrich, 99%, < 2 μm) in 100 ml distilled water, equivalent to 10 g l−1 concentrations of MoS2 (Fig. 1a). The MoS2 powder was exfoliated for 4 h using a sonication probe unit equipped with a long step horn tip. In order to avoid excessive heating, the probe of sonic was set to operate 0.7 s and rest for 0.3 s and also an ice-water bath was used during the exfoliation. The resulting solution was centrifuged for 30 min at 200 rpm to remove non-exfoliated particles.

(a) Schematic of the MoS2 exfoliation by probe sonication (above) and the schematic of electrodeposition of samples (below). (b) The UV–Visible absorption of the exfoliated MoS2 and (c) the Raman spectrum of Py and MoS2@Py samples.

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4

Exfoliation of Molybdenum Disulfide Nanosheets

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In all, 500 mg of bulk MoS2 powder (Aldrich, particle size<2 μm) was added to 50 ml of 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (Aldrich, 99.5% anhydrous). The solution was sonicated in a bath sonicator for 12 h using 8 × 90 min intervals. After sonication, the solution was centrifuged at 2,000 r.p.m. for 40 min. The upper 2/3 of the supernatant was removed and subsequently centrifuged for 1 h at 5,000 r.p.m. before the excess supernatant was removed and the accumulated nanosheets were placed under vacuum overnight to completely evaporate the solvent.
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5

Fabrication of MoS2-DOX Nanocomposite

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MoS2 powder, n-butyllithium (1.6 M in hexane), hexane, doxorubicin (DOX), and MTT were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. LA-PEG was purchased from Nanocs (New York, NY, USA). All other agents used were of the highest commercial grade available. HyPure Molecular Biology grade Water (Hyclone) was used to prepare all solutions.
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6

Preparation and Characterization of MoS2 Anode for Sodium-ion Batteries

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MoS2 powder (<2 μm) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich was first ball-milled with 20 weight % (wt %) carbon black and 10 wt % polyvinylidene difluoride (binder) in N-methylpyrrolidone for 2 hours in a Fritsch Pulverisette 6. The well-mixed homogeneous slurry was then spread onto a copper foil using a doctor blade spreader and dried at 110°C overnight in a vacuum oven. The foil with electrode materials was then punched into circular disk electrodes about 14 mm in diameter, with ~1.7 mg of MoS2. The active electrodes, along with a polyethene separator, the electrolytes, and Na counter electrodes, were assembled into a CR2032-type coin cell. The electrolyte is 1 M NaClO4 in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1). All cell assemblies were operated in an argon-filled glove box. Galvanostatic charge-discharge cycling was performed on a Solartron 1470E Multichannel Potentiostat/CellTest System.
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7

Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials

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MoS2 powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). LA, n-butyllithium solution, and DOX hydrochloride were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Beijing, China). PEG polymers were purchased from Seebio Biotech Inc. (Shanghai, China). All high-performance liquid chromatography–grade solvents were purchased from Beihua Chemicals Inc. (China). Deionized water was purified using a Milli-Q Integral water purification system (Millipore, USA). Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (length, 5 to 20 nm) were purchased from Nanjing XFNANO Materials Tech Co. Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Black phosphorus powder was purchased from Sante Materials Tech Co. Ltd. (Taizhou, China).
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8

Synthesis and Characterization of MoS2 Nanomaterials

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MoS2 powder was commercially obtained
from Sigma-Aldrich. NaOH, 30% H2O2, HCl, CuCl2, NaCl, Fe2(SO4)3, NaNO3, CaCl2, Mg(NO3)2, KCl, and
Zn(SO4)2 were provided by Shanghai Maikun Chemical
Reagents Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Tris (C4H11O3) was purchased from Solarbio Company. Cap was supplied
from Wanjia (China). Starch, lactose, glucose, sucrose, and dextrin
were purchased from Guangzhou Yuwei Chemical Reagents Co., Ltd (Guangzhou,
China). All chemicals and solvents were of analytical grade and were
used without further purification. Deionized water was used in all experiments.
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9

Synthesis of MoS2 Powder

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MoS2 powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany). NMP, N,N-dimethylformamide, hydrochloric acid (HCl), dimethyl sulfoxide, and ethanol were purchased from Samchun Chemical, Inc (Seoul, Republic of Korea). Isopropyl alcohol and hydrazine monohydrate were purchased from JUNSEI (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were used without further purification.
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10

Synthesis of Few-layered MoS2-NiO-MWCNT Nanocomposite

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Few-layered MoS2 nanosheets sample was synthesized by a mechanical exfoliation of bulk MoS2 powder (purity 99.999% Sigma Aldrich) in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solvent using a high-intensity exfoliation in a pressurized ultrasonic reactor. Briefly, 50 mg MoS2 powder was suspended in 500 ml DMF and exfoliated under intensive ultrasonication for 10 h. Two milliliters supernatant of NiO NPs as obtained from 2.2.2 was added in the MoS2/DMF solution and further exfoliated for next 10 h. Two milligrams of as-prepared and cleaned MWCNTs powder obtained in the step 2.2.1 was added in the MoS2/DMF/NiO NPs and homogenized under continuous magnetic stirring for 50 h. Finally, the obtained solutions were filtered using 0.22 μm porous filter membranes and subsequently washed with deionized water for several times. The final sample was dried in vacuum at 80 °C for 12 h and stored in cleaned airtight glass vials for further characterization and applications.
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