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6 protocols using mouse tnf α elisa kit

1

Exploring PPAR Regulation and Metabolic Processes

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BBR (purity > 95%, 10006427) was purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). GSK0660 (GSK) was bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin–streptomycin (PS), trypsin-EDTA, 3-(4,5-dimethylthPSiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and Lipofectamine™ 2000 transfection reagent were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
Antibodies were obtained for protein detection: CEBPα (8178T, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), PPARδ antibody (GTX113250, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), PPARα (GTX101098, GeneTex), PPARγ (2435S, Cell Signaling), HO-1 antibody (GeneTex, GTX101147), β-Actin (AM4302, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), goat anti-rabbit IgG (H + L)-HRP conjugate (98164S, Cell Signaling), and goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L)-HRP conjugate (91196S, Cell Signaling).
Biochemical kits were obtained from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology (Beijing, China): Stanbio™ Triglyceride Liquid Reagent (2100430, Fisher Scientific), Stanbio™ Cholesterol Liquid Reagent (1010430, Fisher Scientific), Stanbio™ Glucose Liquid Reagent (1070125, Fisher Scientific), High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) content assay kit (BC5320, Solarbio), Mouse TNFα ELISA kit (SEKM-0034, Solarbio), and MDA content assay kit (BC0025, Solarbio).
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2

Cytokine Profiling in Mouse Liver Tissue

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Obtained liver tissues were cut into pieces and homogenated on ice with an ultrasonic probe in radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) buffer (Solarbio) with 1 mM protein inhibitor. Protein concentrations were measured using a BCA assay kit. Lysates were centrifugated at 10,000 × g for 5 min at 4°C according to the instructions, and the suspension was collected and stored in −80°C for further use. Before tests, a pre-experiment was conducted to optimize the concentration. ELISAs were conducted to measure the following cytokines according to the instructions (mouse TNF-α ELISA kit, mouse IFN-γ ELISA kit, mouse IL-1β ELISA kit, mouse IL-6 ELISA kit, mouse IL-12 ELISA kit, and mouse myeloperoxidase ELISA kit, Solarbio).
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3

Cytokine Quantification in Mouse Serum

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Serum obtained from mice in all 4 groups was placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for 12 h and then centrifuged at 2,800 × g for 10 min. The supernatant of serum was collected for the determination of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β by biotin-labeled doubleantibody sandwich ELISA. The specific procedure was carried out using ELISA kits (Mouse IL-1β ELISA kit and Mouse TNF-α ELISA kit, Solarbio).
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4

Synthetic Peptide Protocols for Cell Studies

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2-[(aminocarbonyl)amino]-5-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1; CAS. no. 507475-17-4) was purchased from Abmole Bioscience Inc. (Houston, TX, USA). Alfa Chemicals (Pune, India) provided sodium borohydride, chloroauric acid trihydrate (HAuCl4·3H2O), silver nitrate (AgNO3), and sodium citrate. Synthetic peptides, such as MCKYFIKIVSKSAKKPVGLIGC and MCKYFIKIVSKSAKK(FITC)PVGLIGC (FITC-labeled peptide), were obtained from DGpeptides Co., Ltd (Hangzhou, China). The purity of all the synthetic peptides was >99.0%. RAW 264.7 cell line was provided by ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). Solarbio (Beijing, China) provided 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), RPMI 1640 cell culture medium, ROS assay kit, and mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit. The mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit was purchased from Liankebio (Hangzhou, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) for cell culture was obtained from Biological Industries Ltd (Beit Haemek, Israel).
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5

Modulation of Interferon Signaling by DDX5 and METTL3

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The MEFs were transfected with siRNA using Lipofectamine RNAiMAX reagents to silence the targeted genes; otherwise, the MEFs were transfected with plasmids using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent to express target proteins. HEK293T cells were co-transfected with several plasmids using Lipofectamine 3000 reagent to detect protein interactions. Mouse macrophages were infected with DDX5 lentiviruses to express DDX5 in the cells, or they were infected with siRNA adenovirus to silence the targeted gene. For ELISA, the supernatant from DDX5/METTL3-silenced or DDX5/METTL3-expressing MEFs was collected at 0–24hpi with VSV (MOI = 10) or SeV (MOI = 5), and the supernatants were analyzed by the LumiKine Xpress mIFN-β 2.0 ELISA Kit (InvivoGen, Hong Kong, China), mouse IL-6 ELISA Kit, and mouse TNF-α ELISA Kit (Solarbio, Beijing, China).The m6A content in total RNA was detected and calculated with the m6A RNA Methylation Assay Kit (Colorimetric) (Abcam, ab185912).
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6

Lactoferrin Preparation and Characterization

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Human recombinant lactoferrin (holo-LF) expressed in rice was purchased from Sigma (L1294-1G, the purity ≥90%). Using holo-LF as raw material, apo-LF was prepared according to the patent "a method for preparing lactoferrin with required iron saturation" (Luo et al., 2020) . By adding citrate buffer (0.5 M) with a pH of 2 to the holo-LF solution (0.1 M), the molar volume ratio of citrate buffer to holo-LF was 3:1, then adjusting the pH value of the solution to 5; next, the LF solution could be made into a sample with an iron saturation of 4.1%, which was regarded as the apo-type LF in the present study (Luo et al., 2020) . Lipopolysaccharide (L8880-10 mg, purity ≥99%) and inflammatory cytokine kits (mouse IL-1β ELISA kit, mouse IL-6 ELISA kit, mouse TNF-α ELISA kit, and mouse IFNγ ELISA kit) were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co. Ltd., and a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was purchased from Solarbio. Hematoxylineosin (HE) and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining kits were from Wuhan Seville Biotechnology Co. Ltd.
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