Polyvinylidenedifluoride pvdf blocking reagent

Hematoxylin and Eosin (H–E), Alizarin Red, RIPA buffer, and dexamethasone were purchased from FUJIFILM Wako Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) was obtained from Nacalai Tesque Inc. (Kyoto, Japan). NucleoSpin^® RNA was purchased from Macherey-Nagel (Düren, Germany). iScript cDNA-Supermix, SsoFast EvaGreen-Supermix, and TGX precast gel were obtained from Bio-Rad Laboratories (Hercules, CA, USA). Ascorbic acid and DAPI were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Polyvinylidenedifluoride (PVDF) Blocking Reagent^® and Can Get Signal^® Solution-1 and -2 were obtained from Toyobo Co. Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). ECL^TM Prime Western Blotting Detection Reagent was purchased from Cytiva (Tokyo, Japan).

Chemicals and reagents used in this study were obtained as follows: cytochalasin D, LY294002 and Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) from Fujifilm-WAKO (Osaka, Japan); dynasore from Tokyo Kasei (Saitama, Japan); M-β-CD, nocodazole, polyG, polyC and PKH26 red- and PKH67 green-fluorescent cell linker kits from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO); anti-CD9 antibody (#sc-59140), anti-CD63 (#sc-5275) antibody, radioimmunoprecipitation (RIPA) buffer containing containing protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and sodium orthovanadate from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA); Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) Blocking Reagent from TOYOBO (Osaka, Japan); ECL prime western detection reagent from Cytiva (Marlborough, MA); Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-tagged anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody from MBL (Nagoya, Japan); ExoQuick from System Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA); Exosome Spin Columns (MW3000), Halt phosphatase inhibitor cocktail, Lipofectamine LTX-PLUS, bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay kit, DAPI, and FluoSpheres carboxylate-modified microspheres from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA); and phalloidin-iFluor 488 Reagent from Abcam (Cambridge, UK).