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Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem)

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in Spain

DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) is a cell culture medium commonly used to support the growth and maintenance of a wide variety of cell types, including mammalian cells. It provides essential nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival.

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9 protocols using dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem)

1

Culturing Huh7 Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells

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The human HCC cell line, Huh7, was purchased from the Riken Cell Bank (Tsukuba, Japan). DMEM (Life Technologies Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) containing 10% FBS (Life Technologies Japan Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was used to culture parental Huh7 cells. The sorafenib-resistant Huh7 cells were cultured in DMEM with 8.0μM sorafenib (sc-220125A, Santa Cruz, CA) dissolved in DMSO. The final concentration of DMSO was less than 0.1%.
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2

Isolation and Characterization of Chondrocytes from R26Ikk2ca/Ikk2ca Mice

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Chondrocytes were isolated from the ribs and sterna of 4-day-old R26Ikk2ca/Ikk2ca mice following the previously described method(68 (link)). Cells were counted and plated at a density of approximately 1.5 × 105 cells/cm2 in DMEM (Thermo Fisher) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. The day after plating, media was supplemented with 50 μg/ml ascorbic acid and 10 μM β-glycerophosphate. Cells were infected with Ad5-CMV-GFP or Ad5-CMV-Cre adenoviruses (Baylor Vector Development Labs) at a MOI of 100 in DMEM with 10% FBS and without antibiotics, but with 10 μg/ml Polybrene (Santa Cruz) 48 hours after plating. After 24 hours, adenovirus was removed and media replaced with standard culture media until harvest for protein or mRNA isolation. For analysis of secreted factors, conditioned media were collected from the cells and incubated with the Proteome Profiler Mouse XL Cytokine Array (R & D Systems) per manufacturer’s instructions. The arrays were imaged using a ChemiDoc XRS+ (Bio-Rad) and intensities of each duplicate set of spots measured and normalized to control spots on the membrane using Image Lab software (Bio-Rad).
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3

Autophagy Modulation Pathway Analysis

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3-MA, rapamycin, Chloroquine, compound C and Bafilomycin A1 were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). DMEM, Opti-MEM, penicillin-streptomycin, antibody against glyceraldehyde−3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), AMPK siRNA, and siRNA Transfection Reagent were bought from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). Antibodies against LC3, p62 and LAMP2 were bought from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA), the antibodies against p-AKT, AKT, AMPK, p-AMPK, mTOR and p-mTOR were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), the recombinant active full-length human Akt1 protein (rAkt1) was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA).
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4

Glucose Production Assay in Hepatocytes

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The glucose output assay was performed as previous reported.21 (link) Hepatocytes were washed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline and were incubated in serum-free DMEM containing 0.5 mmol/L 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX) for 5 hours. Cells then were incubated in 0.5 mL/well of phenol red–free, glucose-free DMEM (Sigma) containing 2 mmol/L pyruvate, 20 mmol/L lactate, and 1 mmol/L 8-bromo-cAMP, with 80 ng/mL leptin or vehicle. Medium was collected 3 hours later and subjected to glucose measurement using the Glucose Assay Kit (Sigma). Cells were lysed and the protein concentration was measured. The glucose production was normalized with cellular protein content.
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5

HeLa Cell Culture Protocol

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Immortalized human epithelial HeLa cells (ATCC®, CCL-2) were cultured in T-25 flasks in Dulbecco’s modified Eagles Medium (DMEM, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Cells were maintained in the incubator at 37 °C under 5% CO2 and 95% relative humidity. After reaching 80% confluency, the cells were split using trypsin (0.25%) and reseeded with appropriate seeding density either into a T-25 flask to continue to grow them or in 12 well plates for different cytotoxicity assays. Typically, in 12-well plates, 100,000 of viable HeLa cells were seeded per well in 1 mL of cell culture medium for 24 hours prior to experiments.
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6

Protein Binding Assay in HEK293T Cells

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HEK293T cells were grown in DMEM (Invitrogen) supplemented with 10% FBS (Invitrogen), penicillin/streptomycin, and transfected with EGFP, myc-LRRTM2, IgSF8-EGFP, and Tenascin-R-EGFP plasmids using Fugene6 (Promega). Twenty-four hours after transfection, the cells were incubated with Fc, NRXN1β-Fc, IgSF8-Fc, or Tenascin-R-Fc proteins (10 µg/ml) in DMEM supplemented with 20 mM Hepes (pH 7.4) for 1 h at RT. Following two brief washes in DMEM/20 mM Hepes pH 7.4, cells were fixed and immunostained using mouse anti-GFP (1:500; Santa Cruz), mouse anti-c-myc (1:1000; Santa Cruz), and the Cy3-conjugated anti-Fc antibody (1:1000; Jackson ImmunoResearch). Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibodies were from Jackson ImmunoResearch or Invitrogen (used at 1:300 or 1:1000, respectively). The cells were imaged with a Leica SP8 confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems) using a 63× objective.
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7

Cell Culture Protocol for Various Cell Lines

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BS-C-1 (ATCC), CV-1 (ATCC), MEFs (A gift from Prof. Dr Eugen Kerkhoff), HEK 293T (ATCC), A549 (ATCC), 2fTGH (Sigma-Aldrich), U3A (a 2fTGH derived STAT1-/- cell line, Sigma-Aldrich), U6A (a 2fTGH derived, STAT2-/- cell line, Sigma-Aldrich), and TK- 143B cells (ATCC) were maintained in DMEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% (v/v) foetal bovine serum (FBS, PAN-Biotech) and penicillin-streptomycin (PS, 50 μg/mL, Gibco). T-REx 293 cells (Life technologies) were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, PS (50 μg/mL) and blasticidin (10 μg/mL, Santa Cruz), and T-REx 293 derived cells lines expressing EV, TAP-N1, TAP-018, or TAP-NiV-V were further supplemented with zeocin (100 ug/mL, Invivogen). HeLa (ATCC) and RK13 cells (ATCC) were maintained in MEM (Gibco) supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, PS (50 μg/mL) and 1% (v/v) 100 X non-essential amino acids (Gibco). The construction of T-REx 293 cell lines expressing proteins inducibly is outlined in the method details section.
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8

Activation of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts

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We purchased Huh‐7 (human HCC) cells from the Riken Cell Bank. The Huh7 cells were cultured in DMEM (Life Technologies Japan Ltd.) containing 10% FBS (Life Technologies Japan Ltd.). We developed the SR Huh7 (Huh7SR) cell line by culturing the cells in DMEM with 8.0 μM sorafenib (sc‐220125A; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), which was first dissolved in DMSO. The last concentration in DMSO was <0.1%. Lx2 human hepatic stellate cells were purchased from Merck Millipore (Tokyo, Japan). Huh7 and Huh7SR were cultured in DMEM for 48 h, then the cell‐culture medium was collected and centrifuged at 50g. Lx2 cells were co‐cultured with this conditioned medium or DMEM at a 1:1 ratio for at least 48 h (Figure 2A). Activation of CAFs was confirmed using real‐time‐PCR (RT‐PCR) of α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) and fibroblast activation protein (FAP).11 (link)
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9

661W Cell Line Culture Protocol

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661w cell line (a generous gift of Profs. N. Cuenca and V. Maneu) was grown in Dulbecco's modi ed Eagle medium (DMEM, SantaCruz Biotechnology) suplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Sigma-Aldrich, Madrid, Spain), 100 µg/ml penicillin and 100 u/ml streptomycin. Cultures were maintained in a controlled gas (95% air, 5% CO 2 ), humidity (95%) and temperature (37ºC) environment. Proliferation rate was assayed by allowing cells plated at several densities to grow for 1 to 3 days in 96-well plates. Then cells were incubated with resazurin that is reduced to uorescent resoru n by cell dehydrogenases. Fluorescence intensity is proportional to the number of cells. Doubling time was approximately 26h. This result was in line with a previous 661W growth rate estimation (Crawford et al., 2001) .
Appropriate number of cells were seeded in 75 cm 2 asks to reach con uency every 2-3 days when they were trypsinized, counted and plated in 96-well black with clear bottom plates for uorescence (Corning Incorporated, USA) at a density of 50,000 cells/well. All experiments were carried out 24h after plating.
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