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5 protocols using e cadherin cdh1

1

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Lung Tissues

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For histological analysis, lungs were inflated and fixed for 24 h with ethanol–acetic acid–formalin (EAF). Fixed tissues were subsequently dehydrated, embedded in paraffin and sections of 2-4 μm were prepared, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for subsequent histopathological analyses. For IHC, tissue sections were rehydrated, blocked in BSA containing PBS, and sequentially incubated with specific primary antibodies and with biotinylated secondary antibodies (DAKO).
The following primary antibodies were applied: CGRP (Sigma, C8198),
E-cadherin/CDH1 (Cell signaling, 3195), FGFR1 (Cell signaling, 9740), GFP (Abcam, ab6556), ALDH1A1 (Abcam, ab23375), EGFR (Abcam, ab52894), SOX2 (Millipore, AB5603), SOX9 (Millipore AB5535), TTF1 (Agilent M357501-2), Synaptophysin/SYP (Abcam, ab32127).
The sections were reviewed with a Zeiss Axioskop2 Plus microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany) and images were captured with a Zeiss AxioCam HRc digital camera and processed with AxioVision 4 software (both from Carl Zeiss Vision, München, Germany).
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2

Histological Analysis of Organs

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Animals were sacrificed when they acquired respiratory distress. Tissues and organs were collected and fixed in EAF fixative (ethanol/acetic acid/formaldehyde/saline at 40:5:10:45 v/v) and embedded in paraffin. Sections were prepared at 2 μm thickness from the paraffin blocks and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) according to standard procedures. For immunohistochemistry (IHC), 4 μm-thick sections were made on which the following antibodies were applied: Synaptophysin/SYP (Abcam, ab32127), E-cadherin/CDH1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 3195), NFIB (Thermo Fisher Scientific, PA5-28299), CGRP (Sigma-Aldrich, C8198), Ki67 (Abcam, ab15580), keratin wide-spectrum/KWS (Agilent, Z0622), phospho-histone H3/p-HH3 (Millipore, 04-746), Podoplanin/PDPN (Abcam, ab11936), ASCL1 (BD Biosciences, 556604), ALDH1A1 (Abcam, ab23375), NEUROD1 (Proteintech, 12081-1-ap), phospho-AKT (Cell Signaling Technology, 4060) and phospho-4EBP1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 2855). The sections were reviewed with a Zeiss Axioskop2 Plus microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy) and images were captured with a Zeiss AxioCam HRc digital camera and processed with AxioVision 4 software (both from Carl Zeiss Vision).
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3

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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For total protein extraction, cells and tissue samples were washed with cold PBS prior to lysis with Laemmli Lysis Buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl pH 6.8, 2% SDS, 50 mM NaF, 10 mM β-glycerophosphate, 0.5 mM Na3VO4 and 1 × EDTA free protease inhibitors (Roche)) and then the cell lysates were normalized by NanoDrop (Thermo Scientific). Western blotting was carried out as previously described [26 (link)]. Briefly, samples were loaded on 8–10% acrylamide/bis-acrylamide gels and then transferred onto PVDF membrane (Millipore) before immunoblotting with the appropriate primary antibodies overnight at 4 °C. Primary antibodies were used at the following concentrations; AR (dilution 1:000, Cell Signaling #5153), PSA (dilution 1:1000, Cell Signaling #2475), CDC6 (dilution 1:250, Santa Cruz #9964), p21WAF1/Cip1 (dilution 1:500, Cell Signaling #2947), E-Cadherin (CDH1; dilution 1:500, Cell Signaling #3195) and GAPDH (dilution 1:2000, Cell Signaling #5174). Anti-mouse (Cell Signaling #7076) and anti-rabbit (Cell Signaling #7074) HRP-linked secondary antibodies were used at a dilution of 1:1000.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition

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Protein lysates were harvested from the cells using 1× RIPA lysis buffer (Nacalai Tesque, Kyoto, Japan) and kept on ice for 30 min before being centrifuged at 10,000 g for 10 min at 4 °C to obtain the supernatant. Protein lysates (50 μg) were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blot analysis as described [19 (link)]. Dilutions and the sources of the antibodies used are as follows: E-cadherin (CDH1, 1:1000, Cell Signaling Technology), occludin (OCLN, 1:1000, Merck Millipore), vimentin (VIM, 1:1000, Cell Signaling), SNAI1 (1:250, Cell Signaling) and GAPDH (1:2000, Cell Signaling). The protein bands were detected using a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody (1: 10,000, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) for 1 h at room temperature and visualized with the Amersham ECL Western blotting substrate (GE Healthcare), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. The mean of multiple blots is presented (Fig. 4b); the error bars represent standard errors of the mean, SEM.
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5

Molecular Mechanisms of EMT Regulation

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Primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech Co. (Shanghai, China). Antibodies against GLI1, GLI2, Snail, Slug, E-cadherin (CDH1), vimentin, α-SMA, CK19, and secondary antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Beverly, MA, United States). BALB/c mice, 5 weeks old, were purchased from Dossy Experimental Animals Co. (Chengdu, China). HEK293 cells (human embryo kidney cells) were obtained from the American ATCC Cell Line Center.
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