Various organic acids (CA, MA, and TA) and cyclodextrins (β-CD and HP-β-CD) were assessed as acidifiers and hydrophilic solubilizers to enhance the dissolution of DPX. Equivalent amounts of DPX and each of the studied excipients were thoroughly mixed for 5 min. The dissolution behavior of specified quantity of each mixture equivalent to 30 mg DPX was done in 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) using USP Dissolution Tester, apparatus II (DT 720, Erweka, Germany) operating at 50 rpm at 37 ± 0.5 °C [26] (link). Aliquot samples were withdrawn after 2 and 15 min and replaced with equal volume of fresh buffer. Samples were filtered through a 0.22 µm Millipore filter, and the concentration of DPX was quantified spectrophotometrically at 292 nm (UV-2600 PC; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The dissolution study was done in triplicate.
Uv 2600 pc
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The UV-2600 PC is a high-performance spectrophotometer designed for accurate and reliable UV-visible absorption measurements. It features a double-beam optical system and a wide wavelength range of 185 to 900 nm, allowing for the analysis of a variety of samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Potassium carbonate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Uv 2450, by Shimadzu (1 mentions)
400 mhz spectrophotometer, by Bruker (1 mentions)
Optima max xp, by Beckman Coulter (1 mentions)
Dt 720 series, by Erweka (1 mentions)
5 protocols using uv 2600 pc
1
Enhancing DPX Dissolution Using Acidifiers
2
Uniformity Assessment of Drug-Loaded Films
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The prepared IDBFs were split into 1 × 1 cm strips. Ten strips were weighed individually and the average mass of each film was recorded in milligrams. Films’ thickness was measured using Vernier caliper micrometer (Shanghai, China); each film’s thickness was measured at six positions (two points in the center and four corners). To assess the uniformity of drug content, ten units of each of formulation were used. Each strip was dissolved in specified volume of distilled water (20 mL) and DPX content was detected spectrophotometrically at 292 nm (UV-2600 PC; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan). The determined drug content of the films was compared to the United States Pharmacopeial standards [30] . The acceptance value (AV) was also computed as follows: Where M is label claim (100%), X is the mean DPX content (%), K is the acceptability constant (2.4 for n = 10), and SD is the standard deviation.
3
Synthesis and Characterization of Naphthoquinoline Dye
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All reagents and solvents used in the experiments, including propargyl bromide (80% toluene), all metal perchlorates, TBAHSO4, DMSO, potassium carbonate, and ethanol were purchased from Aldrich (analytical grade) and were used without further purification. 1-Amino-3H-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinoline-2,7-dione (compound 3 ) was synthesized according to a procedure reported previously [78 (link)]. All the fluorescence spectra were recorded on a ChronosBH fluorescence lifetime spectrometer. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra were recorded on Shimadzu UV-2450 and Shimadzu UV-2600PC spectrophotometers with a quartz cuvette. The cell holder was maintained at 25 °C. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of all new compounds were recorded on a Bruker 400 MHz spectrophotometer using CDCl3 as a solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. NMR data were reported as chemical shifts in parts per million (δ), multiplicities (s = singlet, d = doublet, m = multiplet), coupling constants (Hz), integration, and interpretation. All spectrophotometric titration curves were fitted with gnu plot software.
4
Entrapment Efficiency of VNP-Loaded Emulsomes
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Entrapment efficiency (EE%) of VNP loaded emulsomes was determined indirectly. Emulsomal dispersions were subjected to ultracentrifugaiton at 100,000 rpm for 60 min at 4 °C for separation of unentrapped VNP (OptimaTM MAX-XP, Beckman Coulter Inc., USA). PBS at pH 6.8 was used for residue washing; the residue was subjected to ultracentrifugation again for 60 min. PBS at pH 6.8 was used to appropriately dilute the mingled supernatant prior to quantification of drug using a UV spectrophotometer (UV-2600 PC, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) at λmax 273 nm (Paliwal et al., 2009 (link); Zidan & Aldawsari, 2015 (link); El-Zaafarany et al., 2018 ). Each determination was done in triplicate. The EE% was calculated applying the following equation:
where Dt and Df represent the amount of total drug and unentrapped drug, respectively.
where Dt and Df represent the amount of total drug and unentrapped drug, respectively.
5
In vitro Dissolution of Drug-Loaded Films
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In vitro dissolution was performed for the prepared IDBFs using USP II dissolution test apparatus (DT 720 Series, Erweka GmbH, Germany) at 37 ± 0.5 °C and a rotation speed of 50 rpm. A strip measuring 1 × 3 cm (≡ 30 mg DPX) was placed in 900 mL phosphate buffer (pH 6.8). Specified aliquots were withdrawn at preset time intervals for a period of 45 min and replaced with equal volume of fresh buffer. The samples were filtered through Millipore filter (0.45 μm) and % DPX dissolved was quantified spectrophotometrically (UV-2600 PC; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) at 292 nm. Each experiment is done in triplicate.
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