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6 protocols using sds page gel

1

Protein Expression Analysis in KGN Cells

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KGN cells were incubated with lysis buffer supplemented with a protease inhibitor cocktail (Solarbio, China) on ice. The supernatant was collected after centrifugation at 4°C for 15 min. Protein concentrations were measured using the DC protein assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc.). Equal amounts of total protein (25 μg) were separated on 10% SDS–PAGE gels (Boster, USA) and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Immobilon-P, USA). Membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk in TBST and incubated with primary antibodies against TGF-β1 (1 : 500; ab92486; Abcam), HIF-1α (1 : 500; 66730; Proteintech), VEGFα (1 : 1,000; 66828-1; Proteintech), 4-HNE (1 : 1,000; ab46545; Abcam), 8-OHdG (1 : 1,000; 251640; Abbiotec LLC), or β-actin (1 : 1,000; AC006; ABclonal) overnight at 4°C. The corresponding secondary antibody (1 : 3,000; RS0001; ImmunoWay) was incubated with the membrane at room temperature for 1 h. Immunoreactive bands were detected using a western blotting luminescence reagent (ECL) kit (Tiangen, China) and photographed with ChemiDoc XRS (Bio-Rad, USA). The protein band was analyzed with ImageJ software.
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2

Western Blot Analysis of iNOS and Arg-1

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Skin samples were lysed with RIPA buffer (BOSTER) and PMSF (BOSTER) to extract protein. The concentration of protein was determined with a BCA protein assay kit (BOSTER). An equivalent amount of protein was loaded onto 10% SDS-PAGE gels (BOSTER), electrophoretically treated and then transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore). The membranes were incubated with 5% nonfat milk in TBS-T for 2 h at room temperature, and then incubated with primary antibodies at 4 °C overnight. The membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature, and the protein bands were visualized using ECL reagents. Finally, the bands were photographed using gel image analysis system (Tanon Science & Technology Co., Shanghai, China) and the intensity of the bands was quantified in Gel-Pro analyzer software (Media Cybernetics). The details of the primary and secondary antibodies are as follows: anti-iNOS (1:1000, Thermo Fisher Scientific), anti-Arg-1 (1:500, BOSTER), and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit IgG (1:2000, Jackson ImmunoResearch).
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3

Western Blotting Analysis of Apoptosis and NF-κB Signaling

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Western blotting experiments were performed as described previously (23 (link)). Briefly, nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins were extracted with kits (BioVision, Milpitas, CA, USA) according to the instructions. Proteins (30–50 µg) were electrophoretically separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels (Boster, Wuhan, China) and transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, Burlington, MA, USA). Then, the membranes were blocked with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 °C with the following primary antibodies: anti-Bax (1:1,000), anti-Bcl-2 (1:1,000), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (1:500), anti-p-NF-κB (1:1,000), anti-NF-κB (1:1,000), anti-p-IκBα (1:1,000), anti-IκBα (1:1,000), anti-β-actin (1:1,000) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-Nrf-2 (1:1,000) (Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA), anti-HO-1 (1:500) (Abclonal, Woburn, MA, USA), and anti-histone H3 (1:1,000) (Abcam). The membranes were subsequently incubated with a 1:5,000 dilution of the HRP-labelled secondary antibody (Biosharp) at room temperature for 1 h. The signals were detected using chemiluminescence (ECL) (Beyotime) and a bioanalytical imaging system (Azure Biosystems, Inc., Dublin, CA, USA; c300). The data were analysed using Quantity One 4.6.1 software (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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4

Western Blot Analysis of TRPC3 Expression

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Cell lysates were extracted with a lysis buffer. Western blotting was performed with 30 μg of total protein after total protein concentrations were estimated by a BCA assay, and then the protein samples were mixed with 5X SDS-PAGE protein loading buffer (Boster, Wuhan, P. R. China) and boiled. The samples were transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) by using the wet transfer method after being separated on 10% SDS-PAGE gels (Boster, Wuhan, P. R. China). After blocking with 5% milk in TBST for 2 h, the membranes were incubated with an anti-TRPC3 (Alomone, ACC-016, Jerusalem, Israel) or anti-β-actin (CST, PA5–85271, Massachusetts, USA) antibody overnight at 4 °C. To verify the specificity, the membranes were incubated with control peptide antigen and the primary antibody. β-actin was used as an internal control. The membranes were incubated with a horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit antibody at room temperature for 1 h after washing with TBST. The blots were visualized by ECL Western blotting substrate (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Markers

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Total proteins in the cells were extracted and quantified using the bicinchoninic acid method. The samples (30 μg) were then added to each line of 10% SDS-PAGE gel (Boster, Wuhan, China) to separate and then transferred to PVDF membranes (Millipore, USA). After incubation with 5% BSA, the members were incubated with primary antibodies to CHST12 (dilution 1:1000; catalog number: 15,341-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), β-catenin (dilution 1:1000; catalog number: 17,565-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), E-cadherin (dilution 1:1000; catalog number: 20,874-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), N-cadherin (dilution 1:1000; catalog number: 22,018-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), and GAPDH (dilution 2:1000; catalog number: 60,004-1-Ig; Proteintech, Wuhan, China) overnight at 4°C. After incubation with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies for 2 h at room temperature, the signal was developed using an enhanced chemiluminescence reagent (Boster, Wuhan, China). GAPDH was used as a loading control to determine the relative expression levels of CHST12, β-catenin, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin.
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6

Ovarian Protein Expression Profiling

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The ovarian tissues were processed by cutting into small pieces and lysing with RIPA buffer (Beyotime, P0013C) using ultrasonic waves. The protein samples in SDS-OAGE loading buffer (G2075, Servicebio) were separated through electrophoresis on a 10% SDS-PAGE gel (Boster, USA) and transferred to a PVDF membrane (Millipore, USA). Primary antibodies, including anti-GAPDH (1:1000, ab181602, Abcam), anti-fragilis (1:200, ab18976, Abcam), anti-MVH (1:5000, ab27591, Abcam), anti-TNF-α (1:200, ab1793, Abcam), anti-IL-2 (1:200, ab11510, Abcam), anti-IL-4 (1:1000, 66142-1-Ig, Proteintech), anti-p16 (1:2000, ab51243, Abcam), anti-p21(1:1000, 28248-1-AP, Proteintech), and anti-p53 (1:5000, 60283-2-Ig, Proteintech), were incubated overnight after blocking with 5% skim milk for one hour. After washing with TBS-T, membranes were incubated with secondary antibodies (1:5000) for one hour at room temperature. All protein bands were imaged using the ChemiDoc XRS system (Bio-Rad, USA) and analyzed with ImageJ software. All experiments were repeated at least three times.
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